污水处理厂尾水排放对受纳水域微生物群落的影响  

IMPACTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS EFFLUENT ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF RECEIVING WATER BODIES

作　　者：李雨浓 温东辉[1] LI Yunong;WEN Donghui(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第9期167-179,共13页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51938001,52170185)。

摘　　要：污水处理厂(WWTPs)是连接物质的社会循环和自然循环的枢纽。现代WWTPs能够去除污水中的大量污染物,但是残留污染物及菌体仍随排水进入自然环境,对受纳水域造成很大干扰。微生物驱动着物质的生物地球化学循环,受纳水域的微生物群落是响应排水干扰的先锋生物。从群落结构、响应策略、致病菌与抗生素抗性传播3个方面总结了WWTPs尾水排放对受纳水域微生物群落的影响。尾水排放显著改变了受纳水域的微生物群落结构;微生物群落通过改变营养利用策略与种间关系以响应排放干扰,使污染物代谢功能在微生物群落中富集。尾水是向水环境输入致病菌与耐药菌的重要点源,也在一定程度上促进了致病菌与抗生素抗性在微生物群落中的传播。充分理解WWTPs排水对受纳水体微生物群落的影响,是开展WWTPs排水管理和健康风险控制的科学基础。Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)serve as crucial nodes connecting the material cycles in human society and the natural environment.Modern WWTPs can remove a great amount of pollutants from wastewater;however,residual contaminants and microbial cells still enter the natural environment through the effluent discharge,causing significant environmental disruption to the receiving water bodies.Microorganisms drive the biogeochemical cycling of matter,and the microbial communities in receiving waters are at the forefront of dealing with the effluent disturbances.This paper summarizes the impact of WWTPs effluent discharge on the microbial communities of receiving waters from three perspectives:microbial community structure,response strategies,and the spread of pathogens and antibiotic resistance.Effluent discharge significantly alters the structure of microbial communities in receiving waters.In response to such disturbances,the microbes in turn adapt their nutrient utilization strategies and interspecies relationships,so that pollutant metabolism functions become enriched in the communities.WWTPs effluent is also regarded as an important point-source of pathogens and drug-resistant bacteria to the water environment,and to some extent promotes the spread of waterborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance possessed by the microbial communities.A deep understanding of the impact of WWTPs effluent on the microbial communities of receiving waters is the scientific foundation for managing WWTPs effluent discharge and controlling associated health risks.

关 键 词：污水处理厂 微生物群落多样性 群落结构 功能组成 生态健康风险 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]