化粪池夏季温室气体排放特征分析与CH_(4)排放因子测算  

CHARACTERIZATION OF SUMMER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SEPTIC TANKS AND MEASUMENT OF CH_(4) EMISSION FACTORS

作　　者：夏琼琼 郑兴灿 顾淼 李劢 尚巍 田永英[2] 黄海伟 ONG Say Leong XIA Qiongqiong;ZHENG Xingcan;CU Miao;LI Mai;SHANC Wei;TIAN Yongying;HUANG Haiwei;ONG Say Leong(North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300074,China;Center of Science and Technology&Industrialization Development,Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,Beijing 100835,China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,National University of Singapore,Singapore 117576,Singapore)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司,天津300074 [2]住房和城乡建设部科技与产业化发展中心,北京100835 [3]新加坡国立大学土木与环境工程系,新加坡117576

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第9期240-246,共7页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目“市政基础设施节能低碳关键技术联合研究与应用”(2022YFE0208800);中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司自立课题(HJY-2024-036)。

摘　　要：化粪池是城市粪便污水系统温室气体的主要排放源,但目前人们对化粪池温室气体的排放特征仍不太了解,碳排放核算也缺乏基础参数。夏季是化粪池温室气体排放的主要季节,通过试验模拟了华北某小区夏季化粪池对实际生活污水的厌氧降解过程,考察了温室气体的排放特征和影响因素,并测算了该小区化粪池的CH_(4)排放因子。结果表明,25~28℃时,模拟化粪池系统对COD和VFA的去除率分别为53.4%~76.9%和13.6%~24.9%,其CH_(4)和CO_(2)排放强度分别为3.1~8.1 mg/L和10.3~16.7 mg/L;化粪池对COD的去除率随化粪池底部沉积物的增多、进水水量降低及水温的升高而增大,CH_(4)排放强度呈现相同的规律,沉积物高度、进水流量对化粪池CO_(2)的排放强度影响较小,但是水温升高后CO_(2)的排放强度将明显增加;化粪池排放的CH_(4)主要以气态形式存在于反应器的顶部空间,CO_(2)主要溶解于液相,随水流排出;在28℃和25℃条件下,化粪池去除单位质量(1 kg)COD产生的CH_(4)量分别为0.103 kg和0.077 kg,排放的CH_(4)量分别为0.029 kg和0.021 kg,居民人均CH_(4)产量分别为12.36 g CH_(4)/(cap·d)和9.24 g CH_(4)/(cap·d)。Septic tanks are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from urban fecal and sewage systems,but the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases from septic tanks are still poorly understood,and carbon emission accounting lacks basic parameters.Summer is the prime season for GHG emissions from septic tanks.In this study,the anaerobic degradation process of actual domestic wastewater from septic tanks in summer in a community in North China was simulated through experiments to investigate the GHG emission characteristics and influencing factors,and the CH_(4) emission factor of septic tanks in this community was measured.The results showed that the removal rates of COD and VFA in the simulated septic tank were 53.4%to 76.9%,and 13.6%to 24.9%,respectively,when the water temperature was 25 to 28℃,and its CH_(4) and CO_(2) emission intensities were 3.1 to 8.1 mg/L and 10.3 to 16.7 mg/L,respectively.The removal of COD by septic tanks increased with the increase of sediment mass in the septic tanks,the decrease of influent flow and the increase of water temperature,and CH_(4) emission intensity showed the same trends.However,the sediment mass and influent flow had less influence on CO_(2) emission intensity from the septic tank,but CO_(2) emission intensity increased significantly when the water temperature increased.CH_(4) emitted from the septic tank mainly existed in the headspace of the reactor.While CO_(2) was mainly dissolved in the liquid and discharged with the effluent.The CH_(4) production by the septic tanks to remove 1 kg of COD was 0.103 kg and 0.077 kg,respectively under the conditions of 28℃and 25℃,and the amount of CH_(4) discharged was 0.029 kg and 0.021 kg,respectively,and the average CH_(4) production rates were 12.36 g CH_(4)/(cap·d)and 9.24 g CH_(4)/(cap·d),respectively.

关 键 词：化粪池 温室气体 沉积物 排放特征 CH_(4)排放因子 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]