互花米草在中国的40年:认知演变与治理对策  

Forty years of Spartina alterniflora in China:cognitive evolution and governance strategies

作　　者：江灿 贾俊鹤 杨颖 盛蓉 任璘婧 纪焕红 叶属峰 JIANG Can;JIA Junhe;YANG Ying;SHENG Rong;REN Linjing;JI Huanhong;YE Shufeng(East China Sea Ecological Center,MNR,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Laboratory of Marine ecological monitoring and restoration technologies,The Ministry of Nature Resources,Shanghai 201206,China;East China Sea Institute for Development Research,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 201306,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部东海生态中心,上海201206 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]自然资源部东海发展研究院,上海201306 [4]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第20期8944-8956,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3101702)。

摘　　要：外来物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)自1979年引进我国已有40余年的历史,对我国滨海湿地生态系统产生了深远影响。鉴于互花米草极强的适应性和生态效应的双重性,人们对其认知也存在历史演变性。概述了互花米草在滨海湿地系统中的正负生态效应及对互花米草近40年入侵历史认知的演变,总结了目前互花米草的治理现状与困境,并从政策、管理、工程等角度提出了互花米草的治理对策与建议。结果表明:(1)互花米草引入对我国滨海湿地具有保滩促淤、抗风消浪、固碳等正生态效应,也对生物多样性、生态安全等造成负生态效应;(2)结合互花米草引入历史和各时期的研究,人们对互花米草认知经历了全面挖掘生态经济价值阶段(1979—2003年)、正负生态效的认知分化阶段(2003—2018年)及在滨海湿地保护、生物安全等视角下认知的更新阶段(2018年—至今)的转换;(3)鉴于互花米草的正负生态效应和总体体量,目前其防控工作尚存在重大困难,建议应以自然规律和生态文明为指导,多学科、多角度的进行因地制宜、分区管理。研究结果旨在为我国互花米草的研究、防治与管理提供借鉴,达到生态环境效益、社会效益和经济效益相统一的发展目标,形成海陆统筹的生态关系。The non-native species S.alterniflora was introduced to China in 1979,profoundly impacting coastal wetland ecosystems.Owing to its strong adaptability and dual ecological effects,perceptions of S.alterniflora have undergone historical evolution.Our research provided an in-depth review of its ecological effects of S.alterniflora in coastal wetland system,and delineated the cognitive evolution about its invasive history over the past 40 years.Additionally,it synthesized the current state and dilemmas of S.alterniflora management,and proposed governance strategies and recommendations from policy,management,and engineering perspectives.The results showed that:(1)The ecological effects of S.alterniflora delineated both its beneficial roles—such as shoreline protection,accretion promotion,wind/wave attenuation,carbon sequestration—and its adverse effects on biodiversity and ecological security.(2)Reflecting its introduction history and research conducted across different periods,the cognition towards S.alterniflora has undergone three distinct evolutionary phases:an initial comprehensive exploration of its ecological and economic value(1979—2003),a phase of cognitive differentiation regarding its positive and negative ecological effects(2003—2018),and a recent phase of cognitive realignment under the paradigms of coastal wetland conservation and biosecurity(2018—present).(3)Considering the dual ecological effects,overall volume and the inherent challenges in managing S.alterniflora,it is recommended that a multidisciplinary,multifaceted approach guided by natural laws and the philosophy of ecological civilization was adopted,emphasizing site-specific and zonal management strategies.The results aim to inform research,prevention,and management strategies for S.alterniflora in China,with the objective of achieving an integrative development goal that harmonizes environmental,societal,and economic benefits,thereby fostering a harmoniously ecological relationship of land-sea coordination.

关 键 词：外来物种 认知演变 正负生态效应 治理对策 互花米草 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]