新疆生态脆弱性特征及其驱动力  

Research on the characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang

作　　者：马丽莎 郑江华[1,2] 彭建 凯撒·米吉提 李刚勇 刘亮 张建立 MA Lisha;ZHENG Jianghua;PENG Jian;KAISa·Mijiti;LI Gangyong;LIU Liang;ZHANG Jianli(College of Geography and Remote Sensing,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830046,China;Xinjiang Grassland Technical promotion Station,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地理与遥感学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆绿洲生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]新疆草原总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第20期9053-9066,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆天然草原生态脆弱性评价项目(202234140009);塔城地区草原健康评估与制图(202334140016)。

摘　　要：新疆作为我国生态脆弱区之一,常年受到气候和人为因素的严重干扰,使其生态系统出现退化。新疆生态脆弱性聚类特征及从县域尺度和不同土地类型呈现新疆生态脆弱区,尚有待进一步探究。以“敏感性-恢复力-压力度”为评价模型,选取15个评价指标采用主成分分析、地理探测器方法评价2000—2019年新疆生态脆弱性状况及驱动力,旨在探讨新疆生态脆弱性的时空变化、聚类特征、不同地类脆弱程度及其各指标对新疆生态脆弱性指数的驱动力影响。(1)时间上,2000—2019年新疆生态脆弱性指数呈波动下降。不同脆弱性等级占比波动较大,各等级面积占比均呈先增后减再增变化;各脆弱性程度均向更低级或不变的脆弱性等级转变。(2)空间上,近2000—2019年新疆生态脆弱性呈“南高北低”分布规律特征,县域尺度下,生态脆弱性南北分异特征明显,以天山山脉为界,形成南部高脆弱区、北部低脆弱区和东部中脆弱区。(3)新疆生态脆弱性呈“南热北冷聚集”,不同地类的生态脆弱性等级面积占比变化不大,脆弱性程度呈现波动减弱的向好趋势。(4)单因子探测器与交互作用探测器均证明归一化植被指数、植被覆盖度、降水量、净初级生产力、干燥度、年平均气温、土壤有机质为新疆生态脆弱性的主要影响因素。研究结果可为新疆生态环境保护和可持续发展提供科学参考与决策依据。As one of the ecologically fragile areas in China,Xinjiang has been seriously disturbed by climate and human factors for many years,which has degraded its ecosystem.The clustering characteristics of ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang and the presentation of Xinjiang′s ecological fragile areas at the county scale and different land types are still to be further explored.This study adopts the evaluation model of“sensitivity-resilience-pressure”and selects 15 evaluation indicators.The study used principal component analysis and geographical detector methods to evaluate the ecological vulnerability and driving forces of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2019.The aim is to explore the spatiotemporal changes,clustering characteristics,and the degree of vulnerability in different land types,as well as the impact of each indicator on the ecological vulnerability index in Xinjiang.(1)Over the period of 2000—2019,the ecological vulnerability index of Xinjiang showed a fluctuating downward trend.The proportion of different vulnerability levels fluctuated significantly,with the proportion of each level showing an initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then another increase.The vulnerability levels all shifted towards lower levels or remained unchanged.(2)Spatially,the ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang over 2000—2019 years exhibited a“high in the south and low in the north”distribution pattern.At the county scale,the north-south differentiation of ecological vulnerability was significant,with the Tianshan Mountains acting as a boundary,forming a high vulnerability zone in the south,a low vulnerability zone in the north,and a medium vulnerability zone in the east.(3)The ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang exhibited a“hot in the south and cold in the north”aggregation pattern.The proportion of ecological vulnerability levels in different land types showed little variation,while the vulnerability levels demonstrated a fluctuating and decreasing trend towards improvement.(4)Both single-factor detector and interac

关 键 词：新疆 生态脆弱性 动态监测 冷/热点分析 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]