腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被区蚁丘对中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响  

Effects of ant mound on soil meso-micro arthropod community in a revegetated area in the southeastern edge of Tengger Desert

作　　者：周磊[1,3,4] 刘任涛[2,3,4] 曾飞越 ZHOU Lei;LIU Rentao;ZENG Feiyue(College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Ecology and Environments,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Lab.for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Lab.of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021 [3]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,银川750021 [4]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第20期9252-9263,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32360318);宁夏自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AAC01002);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG03007)。

摘　　要：为阐明固沙植被区中蚂蚁筑巢活动形成蚁丘对中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响规律,于2022年在腾格里沙漠东南缘建植第5、8、34、57年的固沙植被区中,分别采集蚁丘内、外土壤样品,采用干漏斗法分离中小型土壤节肢动物,调查了固沙植被演替过程中蚁丘内外中小型土壤节肢动物群落组成、多样性分布特征及影响因素。结果显示:(1)中小型土壤动物的优势类群包括球角虫兆属、等节虫兆属和小真古螨科,分别从第8、34、57年开始呈现出蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外的分布特征(P<0.05)。中小型土壤节肢动物优势类群个体数及总个体数均从固沙植被建植第8年开始,蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05)。(2)中小型土壤动物群落类群数和Shannon-Wiener指数均表现为从固沙植被建植第34年开始,表现为蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05),而且34年固沙植被区蚁丘内分别是蚁丘外的1.6倍、2.2倍,57年固沙植被区蚁丘内分别是蚁丘外的2.3倍、3.9倍;均匀度指数仅在固沙57年呈现出蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05)的分布特征,即蚁丘内是蚁丘外的5.4倍。(3)结构方程模型显示,在固沙初期,土壤黏粒含量是影响中小型土壤节肢动物群落分布的主要环境因子,而在中后期则为土壤全氮和全钾含量。综合分析表明,腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被演替初期蚁丘仅增加中小型土壤节肢动物个体数,而只有在长期演替后蚁丘才表现为显著增加其个体数和多样性、直至改变群落组成结构,并对裸沙地中小型土壤节肢动物个体数分布具有重要辐射作用。The objective of this study is to examine the effects of ant nesting activities on soil meso-micro arthropods communities in revegetated areas.Soil samples were collected from inside and outside of ant mounds in 5,8,34,and 57 years of revegetated areas in the southeastern edge of Tengger Desert.The soil meso-micro arthropods were extracted using the reformed Tullgren funnels.The community composition,and diversity distribution of soil meso-micro arthropods inside and outside of ant mounds and its influencing factors were examined alongside the succession of revegetated plantations.The results showed that:(1)The dominant groups of soil meso-micro arthropods include Isotoma,Hypogastrura,and Eupalopsellidae,which abundance were significantly higher inside than outside the ant mounds,since the 8th,34th,and 57th years of revegetated respectively.The abundance of dominant groups and total abundance of soil meso-micro arthropods were significantly higher(P<0.05)inside than outside the ant mounds since 8 years of revegetated areas.(2)The group richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were significantly higher(P<0.05)inside than outside ant mounds in 34 and 57 years of revegetated areas,with values 1.6 and 2.3 times higher in 34 years of revegetated areas,and 2.2 and 3.9 times higher in 57 years of revegetated areas,respectively;The Pilou index of soil meso-micro arthropods communities was significantly higher(P<0.05)inside than outside of ant mounds in 57 years of revegetated areas alone.(3)Soil clay content was the factor driving soil meso-micro arthropods communities at early stage of the succession of revegetated plantations,whereas it was soil total nitrogen and total kalium content served as the driving factors at the middle and late stages.In conclusion,there were facilitative effects of ant mounds on soil meso-micro arthropod abundance alone at early stage of the succession of revegetated plantations,whereas there were no significant facilitative effects on total abundance and diversity of soil meso-micro arthropods

关 键 词：中小型土壤节肢动物 群落多样性 固沙植被区 生态系统演替 蚁丘 腾格里沙漠 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]