淮南煤田陷落柱型暗构造的形成机理  

Formation mechanism of collapse pillar dark structures in Huainan Coalfield

作　　者：蒋向明 JIANG Xiangming(China Coal Land Huasheng Hydrogeological Survey Co.,Ltd.,Handan 056004,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤地华盛水文地质勘察有限公司,河北邯郸056004

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第S02期296-300,共5页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查子项目资助(编号:DD20160187-11);河北省重点研发计划项目资助(编号:22374204D)。

摘　　要：岩溶陷落柱是华北型煤田主要突水通道。本文运用大地构造理论研究了淮南煤田陷落柱形成的演化规律,建立了地质和数值模型,运用FLAC3D软件模拟了岩溶陷落柱形成过程。认为固结程度较低的寒武-奥陶系加里东-海西期古岩溶风化沉积物为印支-燕山期岩溶空洞的形成提供了物质条件;印支-燕山期古岩溶地下水系统强径流带的地下水径流作用为印支-燕山期岩溶空洞形成提供了动力条件;印支-燕山期岩溶空洞形成的卸压作用为淮南煤田岩溶陷落柱形成提供了动力条件;因而,固结程度较低的加里东-海西期古岩溶风化沉积物、印支-燕山期古岩溶地下水系统的强径流作用、石炭二叠系煤系地层的地应力是淮南岩溶陷落柱形成的机理。解决了淮南岩溶陷落柱型暗构造出现沿断层呈带状分布或陷落柱长轴平行断层的现象,对于淮南煤田煤炭资源安全开发利用具有重要的指导意义。Karst collapse columns are the main water inrush channels in North China type coalfields.This article applies the theory of geological structure to study the evolution law of collapse columns in Huainan coalfield,establishes geological and numerical models,and uses FLAC3D to simulate the formation process of karst collapse columns.It is believed that the poorly consolidated Cambrian Ordovician Caledonian to Hercynian ancient karst weathered sediments provided the material conditions for the formation of karst cavities during the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods;The groundwater runoff in the strong runoff zone of the ancient karst groundwater system during the Indosinian to Yanshanian period provided the dynamic conditions for the formation of karst cavities during this period;The unloading effect of the formation of karst cavities during the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods provided the dynamic conditions for the formation of karst collapse columns in the Huainan coalfield;Therefore,the formation mechanism of Huainan karst collapse columns is attributed to the low degree of consolidation of ancient karst weathered sediments from the Caledonian to Hercynian periods,the strong runoff effect of ancient karst groundwater systems from the Indosinian to Yanshanian periods,and the geostress of coal bearing strata in the Carboniferous Permian system.The solution to the problem of why the karst collapse column type dark structures in Huainan are distributed in a belt along faults or parallel to the long axis of the collapse columns has important guiding significance for the safe development and utilization of coal resources in Huainan Coalfield.

关 键 词：印支期 燕山期 古岩溶地下水系统 强径流带 地应力 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设] P641.46[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]