楔形掏槽分段延时爆破技术研究  

Study on wedge cutting segmented delayed blasting technology

作　　者：康宏垚 孔艳婷 胡宇[3] 张小军[3] KANG Hongyao;KONG Yanting;HU Yu;ZHANG Xiaojun(Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Coal Construction Ecological Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,China;Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科大爆破工程有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古煤建生态环境科技有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]北京工业大学,北京100124

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第S02期330-335,共6页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：常规钻爆法施工中,掏槽孔同时起爆,爆破所产生的振动很大,对围岩稳定性和周围建(构)筑物产生不利影响。针对爆破振动过大的问题,提出了楔形掏槽分段延时爆破技术。首先,通过优化掏槽起爆方式,结合电子雷管精确延时的特性,提出将掏槽孔起爆顺序进行分类、优化的楔形掏槽分段爆破延时技术,即先爆孔先起爆,后爆孔后起爆,先爆孔爆破后为后爆孔提供新的自由面;然后,建立了先爆孔爆破后腔体模型,通过对掏槽腔体破岩过程进行力学分析,建立了楔形掏槽分段爆破成腔判据;最后,应用Anderson叠加原理,基于不同类型炮孔爆破振动波型,建立了炮孔爆破精确延时爆破振动波形表达式。通过楔形掏槽分段爆破现场验证结果表明,楔形掏槽分段延时爆破技术可以有效降低爆破振动,本文研究内容可为现场爆破降振施工提供指导。In conventional drilling and blasting construction,simultaneous initiation of cutting holes generates significant vibrations.These vibrations can adversely affect the stability of surrounding rock and nearby structures.To address the issue of excessive blasting vibrations,this paper proposes the wedge cutting segmented delayed blasting technology.Firstly,by optimizing the initiation method for cutting holes and leveraging the precise delay characteristics of electronic detonators,a classified and optimized sequence for initiating cutting holes is proposed.This involves the earlier initiation of firstblast holes followed by the delayed initiation of post-blast holes,with the former providing a new free face for the latter.Then,a cavity model for the first-blast holes is established.Through mechanical analysis of the rock-breaking process in the cutting cavity,criteria for cavity formation through wedge cutting segmented blasting are formulated.Finally,based on Anderson’s superposition principle and different blasting vibration waveforms from various types of blast holes,an expression for precise delayed blasting vibration waveforms is developed.Field validation results demonstrate that the wedge cutting segmented delayed blasting technology can effectively reduce blasting vibrations.The findings provide guidance for vibration reduction in field blasting operations.

关 键 词：爆破 楔形掏槽 分段延时爆破 爆破振动 掏槽腔体 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]