新质生产力视域下云计算数据迁移的现实困境与法律应对  

The Practical Dilemma and Legal Response of Cloud Computing Data Migration from the Perspective of New Quality Productivity

作　　者：薛虹[1] 杨灵丽 Xue Hong;Yang Lingli

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第9期20-31,共12页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：中国法学会2023年度部级法学研究自选课题“数据要素市场化的知识产权范式选择”(项目批准号:CLS[2023]D45)。

摘　　要：云计算不仅是数字经济发展的基础设施,还是促进新质生产力发展的核心推力。欧盟生效的《数据法》对用户的云数据迁移和服务转换权益提供了高水平的法律保障。而我国目前的法律法规对云计算的规定尚不充分,云计算涉及的数据迁移特殊问题更缺乏充分、系统的法律规范。云服务商制定的数据迁移服务规则和协议对用户权利有决定性的影响。除了政府部门的政务云服务合同,云服务商通常利用其优势地位设定显失公平的格式条款,致使用户数据迁移权受限、迁移数据安全难以保障、数据被动迁移、难以寻求法律救济。为规避上述云数据迁移法律风险,制定一般用户数据迁移服务规则时应明确数据迁移权的原则和范围,确立云服务商的安全保障法定义务,完善服务规则与协议关于用户数据迁移的约定,并在政务云数据迁移合同中加大对系统兼容性的法律关照与权益保护,以促进各大云服务商之间的良性竞争,保障一般用户的数据迁移权益。Cloud computing is not only the infrastructure of the development of the digital economy but also the core driving force promoting the development of new productive forces.The Data Act,which has taken effect in the European Union,provides a high level of legal protection for users’rights to cloud data migration and service switching,whereas the current legal regulations in my country are not yet sufficient for cloud computing,and the special issues related to data migration involved in cloud computing lack comprehensive and systematic legal norms.The data migration service rules and agreements formulated by cloud service providers have a decisive impact on user rights.Apart from government department contracts for cloud services,cloud service providers usually use their advantageous position to set terms that are clearly unfair,resulting in restricted user rights to data migration,difficulties in ensuring the security of migrated data,passive data migration,and challenges in seeking legal redress.To avoid legal risks associated with cloud data migration,it is necessary to clarify the principles and scope of the right to data migration when formulating general rules for user data migration services,establish the legal obligations of cloud service providers for security assurance,improve the provisions regarding user data migration in service rules and agreements,and enhance legal consideration and protection of rights in terms of system compatibility in government cloud data migration contracts.This aims to promote healthy competition among major cloud service providers and safeguard general users’rights to data migration.

关 键 词：新质生产力 云计算 数据迁移 服务规则 安全保障义务 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学] TP393.09[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]