欧盟数据治理模式扩张与中国因应  

The Expansion of EU Data Governance and China's Response

作　　者：武长海 黄静怡 Wu Changhai;Huang Jingyi(Civil Commercial and Economic Law School,CUPL,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2024年第6期34-43,共10页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

基　　金：2020年度教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目(20JHQ009)。

摘　　要：欧盟数据治理模式的扩张并非单纯自发形成的法律现象。欧盟正在有意识地向包括中国在内的世界其他国家进行数据治理规则“出口”。欧盟数据治理模式从“数据保护的个体治理到企业数据赋能治理”过渡,意图在国际数字贸易规则体系中争夺国际话语权以及维护国家利益的需要,欧盟形成了数据治理“强监管,高标准”的特征。欧盟数据治理模式在世界范围内影响甚大,“法律移植”“布鲁塞尔效应”和“规范力量”的理论对欧盟数据治理模式的扩张现象作出了合理解释。中国作为数据资源大国,面对欧盟数据治理模式的扩张,应防范“欧盟标准”妨碍我国数据企业的发展以及标榜“自由平等的西方人权理念”干扰我国经济贸易秩序;应采纳欧盟数据治理模式中适合我国国情的制度规则,构筑数据治理的中国模式。开放、公平、共享的数据治理模式是中国参与多边数字经济治理,实现“互利共赢”的路径选择。The expansion of the EU data governance model is not a purely spontaneous legal phenomenon.The EU is consciously exporting data governance rules to other countries around the world,including China.The EU's data gover⁃nance model has transitioned from individual governance for data protection to enterprise data empowerment gover⁃nance,with the intention of competing for international discourse power and intimidating national interests in the inter⁃national digital trade rule system.The EU has formed a characteristic of strong regulation and high standards in data governance.The EU data governance model has a significant impact worldwide,and the theories of"legal transplanta⁃tion","Brussels effect",and"normative power"provide a reasonable explanation for the expansion of the EU data gov⁃ernance model.As a major data resource country,China should prevent"EU standards"from hindering the develop⁃ment of China's data enterprises and promoting"Western human rights concepts of freedom and equality"from inter⁃fering with China's economic and trade order in the face of the expansion of the EU's data governance model;We should adopt institutional rules suitable for China's national conditions in the EU data governance model and build a Chinese model for data governance.The open,fair,and shared data governance model is the path choice for China to participate in multilateral digital economy governance and achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.

关 键 词：数据治理 立法趋同化 法律移植 数据赋能 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]