Compensatory Damages in Personal Information Public Interest Litigation in China: Challenges and Prospects  

我国个人信息公益诉讼损害赔偿责任的适用困境与消解路径

作　　者：Qi Haixia 起海霞(华东政法大学知识产权学院,上海201620)

机构地区：[1]Intellectual Property School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2024年第6期138-148,共11页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

摘　　要：In contrast to private interest litigation,public interest litigation provides a more potent solution to personal information infringements marked by extensive scope,unspecified victims,and limited individual loss.However,com⁃pensatory damages remain a contentious issue,both in theory and in practice,within the legal framework of personal in⁃formation public interest litigation.Through an empirical study conducted within China's judicial practice,this paper reveals that the pending issue concerning the nature and function of compensatory damages has caused highly contra⁃dictory verdicts regarding their calculation and allocation,as well as their relationship with other forms of pecuniary li⁃abilities.Only by acknowledging the role of compensatory damages imposed in personal information public interest liti⁃gation as"Skimming off Excess Profits",and affirming their function as deterrence rather than compensation can they truly achieve the broader objective of safeguarding personal information security and promoting public welfare,as well as avoid disrupting the harmony of the existing legal landscape.与传统的私益诉讼相比,公益诉讼为侵害范围广泛、被侵权主体不确定且个体经济损失有限的个人信息侵权案件提供了更为有效的救济路径。然而,在个人信息公益诉讼案件中,损害赔偿责任的适用在理论上和实践中还存在诸多争议。实证研究发现,我国司法机关对于个人信息公益诉讼中损害赔偿责任的功能和性质存在不同理解,导致实践中出现了大量关于其计算、归属及与其他财产责任衔接的冲突裁决。只有将个人信息公益诉讼中损害赔偿责任的性质界定为"撇去不法利益",并肯定其功能在于威慑而非补偿,才能真正实现维护个人信息安全、促进公共利益的目的,还能有效避免与现有法律体系的冲突。

关 键 词：personal information protection compensatory damages public interest litigation skimming-off excess profits equal liability 

分 类 号：D912[政治法律—法学]