大葱致病菌分离鉴定及农药复配抑菌方案筛选  

Isolation and identification of pathogens in Allium fistulosum and screening strategies of pesticide combination

作　　者：张卜艳 马风伟 安建松 陆逸昊 付祥飞 吴文能[1] ZHANG Buyan;MA Fengwei;AN Jiansong;LU Yihao;FU Xiangfei;WU Wenneng(School of Food Science and Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院食品科学与工程学院,贵阳550005

出　　处：《农药》2024年第10期765-770,775,共7页Agrochemicals

基　　金：贵州省科技厅科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2022]002);贵州省教育厅(黔教技[2023]042);贵阳学院中青年学术骨干项目(GYURC-20[2022-2024]);贵阳学院专项资金(GYU-KY-[2023]);2023年贵阳学院硕士研究生科研基金项目([2023-YJS02]);大学生创新创业计划项目(S202110976025)。

摘　　要：[目的]化学农药的广泛应用导致了一系列如环境污染、农药残留及致病菌耐药等问题,化学农药与生物源农药复配可以减少化学农药使用,改善化学农药滥用问题。[方法]采用组织分离法对大葱Allium fistulosum染病葱叶的病原菌进行分离纯化,所获菌株0018经分子生物学及形态学鉴定与Talaromyces pinophilus一致。通过将T.pinophilus回接到健康的大葱上,大葱叶片出现组织发黄发白、分泌黏液等病变特征,确定T.pinophilus为大葱的致病菌。然后通过菌丝生长速率法测定了24种农药单剂(化学农药12种、生物源农药12种)及其复配药剂对T.pinophilus的抑菌活性。[结果]化学农药中25%吡唑醚菌酯SC、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC和生物源农药中80%乙蒜素EC对T.pinophilus具有较好的抑菌效果,EC_(50)值分别为0.0187、0.1251、2.5403 mg/L。将2种化学农药分别与生物源农药进行复配的结果显示:250 g/L嘧菌酯SC与80%乙蒜素EC以1∶1的比例进行复配时具有最佳的增效效应,增效比SR为1.88。[结论]提供了一种有效抑制大葱致病菌T.pinophilus的农药复配策略,为大葱病害防控及化学农药合理使用提供一定参考价值。[Aims]The extensive use of chemical pesticides has caused various issues such as environmental pollution,pesticide residues and pathogen resistance.Combination of chemical pesticides and biopesticides can reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides and alleviate the problem of their overuse.[Methods]This study employed the tissue isolation method to purify the pathogenic fungi from diseased leaves of Allium fistulosum.Strain 0018 was obtained and identified through molecular biology and morphological identification,which was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus.Inoculating T.pinophilus onto healthy A.fistulosum induced typical disease including yellowish or whitish tissue and secretion of mucus,which validated T.pinophilus as the pathogen.Subsequently,the activity of 24 fungicides(12 chemical pesticides and 12 biopesticides)and their combinations against T.pinophilus were evaluated using the mycelial growth rate method.[Results]The results revealed that pyraclostrobin 25%SC,azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC,and ethylicin 80%EC exhibited notable inhibitory effects on T.pinophilus,with EC_(50)values of 0.0187,0.1251 and 2.5403 mg/L,respectively.The two chemical pesticides were combined separately with the biopesticide.The most significant synergistic effect,was obtained when the combination ratio of azoxystrobin 250 g/L SC and ethylicin 80%EC was 1∶1,with a synergism ratio(SR)of 1.88.[Conclusions]This study offers an effective pesticide combination strategy for controlling T.pinophilus in A.fistulosum,provides a valuable insight into scallion disease management,and gives an example for the rational use of chemical pesticides.

关 键 词：大葱 Talaromyces pinophilus 分离纯化 生物活性 药剂复配 

分 类 号：S282.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]