Numerical investigation on the aerodynamic drag reduction based on bottom deflectors and streamlined bogies of a high-speed train  

高速列车底部导流板与流线型转向架的综合减阻研究

作　　者：JIANG Chen LONG jn-lan LI Yan-ong GAO Guang-jun FRANKLIN Eze 姜琛;龙金兰;李岩松;高广军(State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Aerodynamics,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China [2]Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China [3]National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China [4]Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Aerodynamics,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China

出　　处：《Journal of Central South University》2024年第9期3312-3328,共17页中南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Project(2020YFA0710901)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China;Project(2023JJ30643)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China;Project(12372204)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(2022ZZTS0725)supported by the Self-exploration and Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Central South University,China。

摘　　要：The complex structure of the bottom of a high-speed train is an important source of train aerodynamic drag.Thus,improving the bottom structure is of great significance to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the train.In this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)based on three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds-average Naiver-Stokes(RANS)equations and Realizable k-ε turbulence model were utilized for numerical simulations.Inspired by the concept of streamlined design and the idea of bottom flow field control,this study iteratively designed the bogies in a streamlined shape and combined them with the bottom deflectors to investigate the joint drag reduction mechanism.Three models,i.e.,single-bogie model,simplified train model,and eight-car high-speed train model,were created and their aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the single-bogie model with streamlined design shows a noticeable drag reduction,whose power bogie and trailer bogie experience 13.92%and 7.63%drag reduction,respectively.The range of positive pressure area on the bogie is reduced.The aerodynamic drag can be further reduced to 15.01%by installing both the streamlined bogie and the deflector on the simplified train model.When the streamlined bogies and deflectors are used on the eight-car model together,the total drag reduction rate reaches 2.90%.Therefore,the proposed aerodynamic kit for the high-speed train bottom is capable to improve the flow structure around the bogie regions,reduce the bottom flow velocity,and narrow the scope of the train’s influence on the surrounding environment,achieving the appreciable reduction of aerodynamic drag.This paper can provide a new idea for the drag reduction of high-speed trains.高速列车底部结构复杂,是列车气动阻力的重要来源。因此,改善列车底部结构对减小列车气动阻力有重要意义。本文使用了三维稳定不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程和Realizable k-ε湍流模型进行数值仿真研究。受流线设计理念和底部流场控制思想的启发,本文对高速列车转向架进行了流线型迭代设计,并结合底部导流板装置,分别对单转向架模型、简化车体模型和八编组高速列车模型进行气动特性分析,探究流线型转向架和导流板的综合减阻机理。结果表明:经过流线型设计的转向架气动阻力显著降低,单动车转向架和单拖车转向架的减阻率分别达到13.92%和7.63%,转向架上正压范围缩小。在简化车体上同时安装流线转向架与导流板,其气动阻力可以进一步减少到15.01%。当流线型转向架和导流板在八车编组模型上组合使用时,虽然会造成车体上的阻力系数增加,但转向架区域的阻力系数显著降低,转向架舱内空气流速减缓,同时列车滑流的影响范围缩小,流场结构显著改善,八车模型的减阻率达到2.90%。本文为高速列车的减阻设计提供了新思路。

关 键 词：high-speed train numerical simulation drag reduction DEFLECTOR streamlined design 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.11[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]