施密特与马克思的隐蔽对话:自由主义与政治神学——兼论西方马克思主义政治神学嬗变的合法性逻辑  

Hidden Dialogue Between Schmidtt and Marx: Liberalism andPolitical Theology—On the Legitimacy Logic of the Evolution of Western Marxist Political Theology

作　　者：夏莹[1] XIA Ying(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100184,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期10-18,共9页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代西方马克思主义的资本主义批判理论范式转变研究”(22&ZD018);国家社科基金重点项目“当代全球资本主义视域下的《资本论》研究”(19AZD002)。

摘　　要：当代西方马克思主义批判路径包含着两条批判路径:内在性批判与外在性批判。当代自由主义资本逻辑的发展由将阶级所形成的不可调和的对立转变为经济竞争,让内在性批判渐趋失效。西方马克思主义在外在性批判的诉求中普遍转向了政治神学。后一趋向得益于施密特有关“政治性”概念的讨论。政治性概念意味着存在论上的敌友关系必须成为统御其他一切对立关系的主导性力量。施密特借此将马克思所构筑的二元对抗性结构视为仅仅囿于经济要素之间的对抗,无法超越自由主义资本主义社会的藩篱,因此无法真正实现对资本主义的批判和超越。施密特对马克思的评价体现出资本主义发展到自由主义经济以后西,方马克思主义革命话语面临的理论困境及其最终走向政治神学的合法性。The contemporary Western Marxist critical embraces two critical approaches:intrinsic criticism and extrinsic criticism.The development of contemporary liberal capital logic has transformed the irreconcilable opposition formed by classes into economic competition,leading to the gradual failure of intrinsic criticism.Western Marxism has generally shifted towards political theology in its demands for external criticism.The latter trend benefited from Schmidtt’s discussion on the concept of“politicization”.The political concept implies that the ontological relationship between rivals must shifted to be the dominant force that governs all other opposing relationships.Schmidtt regards the binary antagonistic structure constructed by Marx as limited only to the confrontation between economic factors,unable to transcend the barriers of liberal capitalist society,and therefore unable to truly criticize and surpass capitalism.Schmidtt’s evaluation reflects the theoretical dilemma faced by Western Marxist revolutionary discourse after capitalism was swallowed by the liberal economy and its ultimate legitimacy towards political theology.

关 键 词：卡尔·施密特 政治神学 政治性 自由主义 内在性批判 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]