不同作物与甘薯间作对甘薯田昆虫群落的影响  

Effect of Intercropping Different Crops with Sweet Potato on the Insect Community of Sweet Potato Fields

作　　者：詹梦琳 邓才生 施小梅 陈姝樽 黄哲鸿 李清 叶榕弟 华树妹 Zhan Menglin;Deng Caisheng;Shi Xiaomei;Chen Shuzun;Huang Zhehong;Li Qing;Ye Rongdi;Hua Shumei(Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountainous Areas,Sanming,Fujian 365509,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院/福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明365509

出　　处：《东南园艺》2024年第5期358-366,共9页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：三明市科技计划项目(2023-N-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同间作模式下甘薯田昆虫群落的组成变化,为甘薯虫害生态控制提供思路。【方法】通过目测法和马氏网法,调查记录不同间作处理下甘薯试验田昆虫的种类和数量,利用物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数和群落生态优势度等指标进行分析。【结果】调查采集到昆虫2547只,分属于8目74科275种,主要包括鳞翅目、双翅目和膜翅目等。不同间作处理的甘薯田昆虫群落组成在科和种水平上均存在差别,甘薯-罗勒间作的科数最多,为51科,而甘薯单作的种数最多,为73种。不同间作处理的甘薯害虫与益虫的数量均存在差别,甘薯单作的害虫数量最多,为375只;甘薯-大豆间作、甘薯-玉米间作和甘薯-罗勒间作的害虫数量分别比甘薯单作的害虫数量减少了12.00%、25.07%和26.67%;甘薯-大豆间作的益虫数量最多,为168只。其中,白斑烦夜蛾为田间害虫的优势种,粉蝶盘绒茧蜂为田间益虫的丰盛种。通过对丰富度指数、多样性指数和群落均匀度指数比较发现,各处理的害虫群落的多样性和均匀度高于益虫群落;其中甘薯-大豆间作的益虫群落多样性指数为0.3120、群落均匀度指数为0.0900,均高于其他处理。【结论】甘薯间作在一定程度上可降低害虫发生的数量、多样性以及均匀度,具有良好的生态效益。【Objective】Exploring the compositional changes of insect communities in sweet potato fields under different intercropping modes,and provide ideas for ecological control of sweet potato pest infestations.【Method】Through visual inspection and Malaise traps method,the species and quantity of insects in sweet potato experimental fields under different intercropping treatments were investigated and recorded.The species richness index,evenness index,diversity index,and community ecological dominance index were used for analysis.【Result】There were 2547 insects belonging to 8 orders,74 families,and 275 species,mainly including Lepidoptera,Diptera,and Hymenoptera.In different intercropping treatments,the composition of insect communities in sweet potato fields varied at both the family and species levels.Sweet potato and basil intercropping had the highest number of families(51 families),while sweet potato monoculture had the highest number of species(73 species).There were differences in the number of pests and beneficial insects in sweet potato fields under different intercropping treatments.Sweet potato monoculture had the highest number of pests,were 375.Compared to the control of sweet potato monoculture,the number of pests in sweet potato and soybean intercropping,sweet potato and maize intercropping,and sweet potato and basil intercropping decreased by 12.00%,25.07%,and 26.67%,respectively.The number of beneficial insects in sweet potato and soybean intercropping was the highest,being 168.Among them,Aedia leucomelas was the dominant species of field pests,and Cotesia glomerata was the abundant species of beneficial insects in the field.By comparing the richness index,diversity index,and community evenness index,it was found that the diversity and evenness of pest communities were higher than those of beneficial insect communities in each treatment.But the community diversity index of sweet potato and soybean intercropping treatment was 0.3120,and the community evenness index was 0.0900,both higher than

关 键 词：甘薯 间作 昆虫 群落多样性 丰富度指数 均匀度指数 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]