我国宅基地制度改革试点的演进逻辑与路径优化  

The Evolution Logic,and Optimization Paths of Pilot Reforms of China's Rural Homestead System

作　　者：曲福田[1] 郭恩泽 马贤磊[3] QU Futian;GUO Enze;MA Xianlei

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [3]南京农业大学中国资源环境与发展研究院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2024年第10期21-33,共13页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“三权分置”政策实施机制及其对耕地质量保护行为的影响:基于产权与治权结合视角(编号:72273064);教育部哲学社会科学研究(2020年度)重大课题攻关项目“自然资源资产产权制度改革重大问题研究”(编号:20JZD013)。

摘　　要：宅基地制度改革是中国农村土地制度改革的重要内涵,是实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。本文基于中国特色改革试点一般性模式,构建宅基地制度改革试点的分析框架,探析党的十八届三中全会以来两轮宅基地制度改革试点的基本逻辑、主要成效与未来路径。研究显示,一方面,遵循“目标制定—顶层设计—地方试点—成果总结”的一般模式,两轮宅基地制度改革试点明晰了“三权分置”的产权结构,形成了权责统一的所有权行使机制、多元化的资格权保障机制和因地制宜的使用权放活机制;另一方面,改革试点仍然面临着集体所有权主体认定不明晰、资格权认定口径不一、使用权放活机制存在缺陷等问题,难以适应中国式现代化进程中改善土地资源配置、推动乡村振兴的要求。未来,改革应坚持保障农民和农村集体组织利益、改进乡村治理能力和撬动要素联动配置三项基本取向,从加强制度改革系统性、央地联动性、地区与部门协调性三个维度出发,进一步推动宅基地制度改革试点,以期形成成熟经验,更好推动农业农村现代化进程。The reform of rural homestead system is a significant aspect of China's rural land system reform and a crucial measure for implementing the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the gen-eral model of Chinese-style reform pilots,this paper constructs an analytical framework for the pilot re-form of rural homestead system.It explores the basic logic,main achievements,and future paths of the two rounds of rural homestead system reforms since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Com-mittee of the Communist Party of China.The study shows that,on one hand,the two rounds of homestead system reforms follow a general model of"goal setting-top level design-local pilots-result evaluation."The homestead system reforms have made significant phased progress.They clarify the property structure of tripartite entitlement system,and form the unified mechanism for the exercise of collective ownership,the diversified qualification rights protection,and the flexible use rights disposition tailored to local con-ditions.On the other hand,the pilot reforms still face problems such as unclear identification of the sub-jects of collective ownership,inconsistent criteria for qualification rights,and defects in the flexible use rights mechanism.These problems hinder the adaptation to the requirements of improving land resource allocation and promoting rural revitalization in the new era.In the next stage,the pilot reforms of the homestead system should adhere to the basic orientation of safeguarding the interests of farmers and rural collective organizations,improving rural governance capabilities,and enhancing factors linkage al-locative efficiency.In order to form mature reform experiences that better adapt to the modernization process of agriculture and rural areas,the pilot reforms of homestead system are suggested to further strengthening the systematic nature of the reforms,central-local linkage,and regional and departmental coordination.

关 键 词：宅基地制度 改革试点 改革成效 优化路径 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]