病毒核酸酶抑制宿主蛋白表达的研究进展  

Research Progress on Inhibition of Host Protein Expression by Viral Nucleases

作　　者：冯闪环 丁铲[1,2] 钱琨 廖瑛 FENG Shanhuan;DING Chan;QIAN Kun;LIAO Ying(Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute,CAAS,Shanghai 200241,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases in Jiangsu Universities,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所,上海200241 [2]江苏省人兽共患病学重点实验室、江苏高校动物重要疫病与人兽共患病防控协同创新中心,扬州大学,扬州225009

出　　处：《中国动物传染病学报》2024年第5期222-229,共8页Chinese Journal of Animal Infectious Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172834);科技部十四五揭榜挂帅项目(2021YFD1801104);江苏省人兽共患病学重点实验室资助项目(R2007)。

摘　　要：核酸酶是负责剪切多聚核苷酸链的磷酸二酯键的酶。核酸外切酶负责催化水解mRNA 5'或3'端磷酸二酯移除核苷酸;核酸内切酶从mRNA分子内部剪切磷酸二酯键;两者均介导mRNA降解。已有研究发现病毒通过编码核酸酶抑制宿主蛋白的表达:例如冠状病毒编码的nsp14具有3'-5'核酸外切酶(ExoN)活性,不仅在病毒基因组复制过程中发挥调节校对作用,还能抑制宿主蛋白表达;单纯疱疹病毒编码的Vhs、甲型流感病毒编码的PA-X、卡波西肉瘤疱疹病毒编码的SOX和冠状病毒编码的nsp15都具有核酸内切酶活性,能够降解RNA,帮助病毒劫持宿主蛋白翻译系统,优先翻译病毒蛋白。本文将重点介绍不同病毒编码的核酸酶抑制宿主蛋白的表达机制,使病毒的基因表达处于竞争优势。Nucleases are one family of enzymes that cut the phosphodiester bond of the polynucleotide chain.Exonucleases catalyze the de-adenylation of the 5'end or 3'end of the mRNA while endonucleases hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond from the inside of the mRNA.Both exonucleases and endonucleases mediate the degradation of mRNA.It has been found that the virus inhibits host protein expression by viral encoding ribonucleases.For example,coronavirus nsp14 harbors 3'-5'exoribonuclease(exon)activity,which not only plays a regulatory role in the replication of virus genome but also inhibits the expression of host proteins.Other proteins that harbor endonuclease activity included the Vhs protein encoded by herpes simplex virus,PA-X protein by infl uenza A virus,SOX protein by Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus and nsp15 protein by coronavirus.These proteins may help the virus hijack the protein translation system by targeting to host RNA.In this review,we summarized the mechanisms of virus encoded ribonucleases to inhibit the host gene expression machinery.

关 键 词：核酸外切酶 核酸内切酶 RNA降解 蛋白翻译关闭 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]