我国新型肥料发展近十年回顾与展望  

Review and prospect for development of new-type fertilizers in China over past decade

作　　者：杨俊刚[1,2] 邹国元 刘宝存[3] YANG Jun-gang;ZOU Guo-yuan;LIU Bao-cun(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizers,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Soil Science Society,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京市土壤学会,北京100097

出　　处：《现代化工》2024年第11期6-11,17,共7页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1701000,2022YFE0199500);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-02);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240324,ZHS202302)。

摘　　要：缓控释肥料、有机类肥料、水溶性肥料等新型肥料在推进氮肥利用效率提升、水肥一体化技术应用、养分协同利用、农业废弃物消纳上做出了重要的产品支撑,推动了新型肥料向绿色高效方向发展。与欧美发达国家相比,我国用肥强度高、化肥产品结构不均衡、缓控释肥释放期与作物吸收规律匹配度低、成本高、水溶肥质量不一等问题还较为明显。新型肥料的发展尚需在产品功能创新、与机械配合施肥、肥料剂型多样化、菌剂专用化、包膜层环保等方面深入开展工作,同时推动更多肥料企业加入新型肥料的研发和推广中,促进我国农业高质量发展。In the past decade,China has made significant progress in the research and application of new-type fertilizers.Compound fertilizers,slow/controlled-release fertilizers,organic fertilizers,and water-soluble fertilizers and other new-type fertilizers have played an important role in promoting nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,integrated water and fertilizer technology application,synergistic nutrients utilization,and agricultural wastes disposal,thus driving the development of new-type fertilizers towards green and efficient practices.However,compared with developed countries in Europe and America,China still faces some obvious problems such as high intensity of fertilizer use,imbalanced fertilizer products portfolio,low matching degree between the release period of slow/controlled-release fertilizers and crop absorption patterns,high cost,and inconsistent quality of water-soluble fertilizers.As for the development of new-type fertilizers,China's enterprises still need to focus on innovation in product functionality,coordinating fertilization with machinery,diversification of fertilizer formulations,specialization of microbial agents,and environmental protection of coating layers.Furthermore,it is necessary to encourage more fertilizer companies to participate in the research,development,and promotion of new-type fertilizers,thus making greater contributions to the high-quality development of agriculture in China.

关 键 词：新型肥料 产品现状 存在问题 发展趋势 

分 类 号：TH3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]