基于多目标优化的精密机床T形床身双三点支承设计  

Design of double three-point support for T-shaped bed of precision machine tools based on multi-objective optimization

作　　者：李珂 黄祖广 程竑力 张大卫[2] 戴玉红 聂应新 姜二彪 LI Ke;HUANG Zuguang;CHENG Hongli;ZHANG Dawei;DAI Yuhong;NIE Yingxin;JIANG Erbiao(Genertec Machine Tool Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100102,CHN;Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,CHN)

机构地区：[1]通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司,北京100102 [2]天津大学,天津300072

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2024年第11期77-84,共8页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

摘　　要：支承方式是精密机床床身的刚度的重要影响因素之一,而良好的机床刚度对机床整体的加工精度提升有着重要意义。为提高机床的动静态特性,基于多目标优化法和有限元计算,提出一种双三点支承加辅助支承的支撑方法,并利用某精密卧式加工中心床身进行详细的验证。研究结果表明,通过多目标优化算法设计的支承方式,相比于工程上常用的支承方法,一阶固有频率提高15.29%,X向前后导轨平均变形分别减少59%、6%,验证了所提出方法的有效性和正确性。The support method is one of the important factors affecting the rigidity of the bed of a precision machine tool,and good machine tool rigidity is of great significance to the improvement of the overall machining accuracy of the machine tool.In order to improve the dynamic and static characteristics of the machine tool,a support method of double three-point support plus auxiliary support is proposed based on multi-objective optimization method and finite element calculation,and a precision horizontal machining center bed is used for detailed verification.The research results show that the support method designed by the multi-objective optimization algorithm increases the first-order natural frequency by 15.29%compared with the commonly used support method in engineering,and the average deformation of the forward and rear guide rails of the X-axis is reduced by 59%and 6%,respectively,which verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.

关 键 词：三点支承 多目标优化 床身刚度 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH112[机械工程—机械设计及理论]