机床封闭空间内切削声场分布有限元分析  

Finite element analysis of cutting sound field distribution in enclosed space of machine tools

作　　者：薛逸然 杨磊 曹利平 李国超[1] 孙丽 XUE Yiran;YANG Lei;CAO Liping;LI Guochao;SUN Li(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212003,CHN;Shaanxi Diesel Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang 710018,CHN)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学机械工程学院,江苏镇江212003 [2]陕西柴油机重工有限公司,陕西咸阳710018

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2024年第11期122-128,共7页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：国家青年科学基金项目(62203193,51605207)。

摘　　要：声音传感器具有易安装、无需粘附传感器和不干扰加工过程等特点,在加工过程刀具磨损在线监测中具有广泛的应用前景。但是,在机床封闭空间内声音传播过程受机床内壁、主轴和工作台等结构影响,将产生反射、衍射等现象,导致声场分布具有较大差异性,为声音传感器的合理布置带来困扰。为此,以数控铣床为研究对象,基于声学有限元理论建立铣削加工声场仿真模型,采用压力声学瞬态分析方法,建立正弦加速度声源信号在机床内的传播模型,采用傅里叶变换对机床内声场进行频谱分析。结果表明,在距声源0.4 m和壁面的位置,声压较大,在机床中部,声压随声源距离的增大而减小。本模型为基于声信号的刀具磨损监测奠定了基础。Sound sensors are easy to install,do not need to adhere to the sensor and do not interfere with the machining process,so it has a wide application prospect in the online monitoring of tool wear in the machining process.However,the sound propagation process in the closed space of the machine tool is affected by the inner wall of the machine tool,spindle,table,and other structural effects,which will produce reflection,diffraction,and other phenomena,resulting in greater variability in the distribution of the acoustic field,which will bring trouble to the reasonable arrangement of the sound sensor.Therefore,the numerical control milling machine is taken as the research object,the sound field simulation model is established based on the acoustic finite element theory,the pressure acoustic transient analysis method is used to establish the sine acceleration sound source signal propagation model in the machine tool,and the Fourier transform is used to analyze the sound field in the machine tool spectrum.The results show that the sound pressure is larger at the position 0.4 m away from the sound source and the wall surface,and decreases with the increase of the sound source distance in the middle of the machine tool.This model lays the foundation for tool wear monitoring based on acoustic signals.

关 键 词：声学有限元法 COMSOL 刀具磨损监测 声场 切削加工 

分 类 号：TB525[理学—物理] TG542[理学—声学]