中山路的百年建构历程及时空特征  

The construction process of Zhongshan Roads over the past 100 years and its spatio-temporal characteristics

作　　者：李爽 韩昭庆[1] LI Shuang;HAN Zhaoqing(Center for Historical Geographical Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第10期2606-2620,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：上海中山学社委托项目;国家自然科学基金项目(42471250)。

摘　　要：中山路最早出现于中华民国时期(1912—1949年),至今中国各地仍存有数百条中山路,并多处于城市繁华之处。本文针对这一极为罕见、跨越百年的地名命名现象,结合地名学、历史地理、GIS等多研究视角,全面开展1925—2021年中国县级及以上政区范围内中山路的建构历程及其时空特征研究,通过对中华民国报刊和地图资料的考订、中国国家地名信息库及OpenStreetMap等地名数据的获取,在历史GIS时空框架下采用空间量算、位置分析、可视化等方法,得出以下结论:①中山路缘于对孙中山先生逝世后的纪念,中华民国时期共产生599条中山路,集中分布在东南沿海省份、台湾地区、河南及陕西等地;②现存中山路共653条,分布在中国除西藏、香港地区和澳门地区以外的其他地区;③通过空间量算可知,最长的是台湾中山高速公路,最短的是台湾新竹县峨眉乡的中山街,拥有中山路最长的为台湾台南市,最密集的则为上海市黄浦区;④与历史城墙的空间范围分析可知,1949年之前中山路多位于旧城镇中心地带,其后命名的中山路,有随着时间推移而远离城镇中心的趋势;⑤中山路的命名时间有4次高峰:一是1925年孙中山先生逝世之后命名以示纪念,二是1945年抗战胜利之后海峡两岸庆祝光复,三是20世纪80年代恢复“文化大革命”时期被更改的地名,四是21世纪初为新修道路命名。这一跨越百年的中山路建构历程,凝聚着中华民族对孙中山的纪念及其精神的传承,是中国近代以来追寻现代化与民族复兴的体现。本文的数据分析或将随着更多史料的挖掘以及计量方法的更新有待局部改进,但应不影响总体结论。During the Republic of China(1912-1949),Zhongshan Roads rapidly emerged in major cities and towns across the country,and hundreds of them remain today,primarily in affluent areas.To investigate this uncommon road-naming phenomenon,a comprehensive study was conducted on their construction process and spatio-temporal characteristics(within the scope of county-level and above administrative regions),using toponymy,historical geography,and GIS.Historical documents and maps were re-examined,combined with data from the China National Geographical Name Information Database,OpenStreetMap,and Historical GIS techniques such as spatial measurement,spatial analysis,and visualization.The results showed that:(1)Zhongshan Roads were initially named to commemorate Dr.Sun Yat-sen.During the Republic of China era,599 Zhongshan Roads were established,primarily in Taiwan,Henan,Shaanxi,and along the southeast coast.(2)Today,there are 653 Zhongshan Roads,except in Xizang region,Hong Kong region,and Macao region.(3)Among these,the Zhongshan Highway in Taiwan is the longest,while Zhongshan Street in Emei township,Hsinchu county,is the shortest.Tainan has the largest number of Zhongshan Roads overall,whereas Shanghai's Huangpu district has the highest concentration and density of these roads across China.(4)Spatial analysis revealed that historically,Zhongshan Roads were mostly found in the centers of old cities and towns.However,since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,new Zhongshan Roads have gradually moved away from city centers.(5)Over the past century,there have been four significant periods of road-naming popularity:following Dr.Sun Yat-sen's passing,commemorating the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the recovery of lost territories,restoring place names altered during the 1966-1976 period in the 1980s,and naming new roads at the start of the 21st century.Zhongshan Road,with its century-old tradition,symbolizes the collective remembrance of Dr.Sun Yat-sen and his enduring legacy among the Chinese people.It

关 键 词：中山路 孙中山 纪念空间 城市空间结构 历史地理 

分 类 号：P281[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TU984.2[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] F542[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]