“甘蔗”词源考  

A Study on the Etymological Origin of Ganzhe‘Sugarcane’

作　　者：王育珊[1] 陈国庆[2] 赵云 WANG Yushan;CHEN Guoqing;ZHAO Yun

机构地区：[1]云南民族大学图书馆古籍室,昆明650504 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081 [3]云南财经大学国际语言文化学院,昆明650221

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第4期25-33,共9页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“古汉语中的少数民族语外来词研究(18XYY017)”;国家社会科学基金一般项目“孟高棉语同源语素语音研究(21BYY041)”资助。

摘　　要：甘蔗称“柘”最早出现于先秦文献《楚辞》中,其后出现了“柘”“[艹诸]”“蔗”“诸柘”“[甘干][甘庶]”“邯[甘者]”“都蔗”“[艹诸]蔗”“竿蔗”“甘蔗”等不同名称和书写形式,汉代以后才沿用“甘蔗”这个名称。文章通过不同时期汉语甘蔗名称词与梵语、藏缅语、壮侗语、苗瑶语、孟高棉语等语言甘蔗名称词的比较,认为汉语“甘蔗”一词是梵语sarkara“石蜜(蔗糖)”进入汉语后,经过借音转义而形成的音译外来词,与“石蜜”属于同源外来词。汉语甘蔗名称词的历时变化,反映了汉民族对甘蔗认知的逐步深入过程;少数民族语言甘蔗名称词的共时分布状态,则反映了各民族文化接触与交流的历史层次。Zhe柘,a name of sugarcane,appeared first in the pre-Qin literature Chuci楚辞.Since then,the various Chinese terms for sugarcane include zhe柘,zhu[艹诸],zhe蔗,zhuzhe[言者]柘,ganzhe[甘干][甘庶],ganzhe邯[甘者],duzhe都蔗,zhuzhe[艹诸]蔗,ganzhe竿蔗,and ganzhe甘蔗,and the name ganzhe甘蔗‘sugarcane'has been in use since the Han dynasty.In this article,we compare the names of ganzhe‘sugarcane'in various historical periods and the words for‘sugarcane'in Sanskrit,Tibeto-Burman,Kam-Tai,Hmong-Mien and Mon-Khmer,and then propose that the Chinese word ganzhe‘sugarcane'is a derivative from the Chinese loanword of Sanskrit sarkara'cane sugar',and the derivative is based on sound similarity of the Xiesheng谐声series.Ganzhe and shimi石蜜‘stone honey'are loanwords from the same etymological origin.The diachronic evolution of the names for ganzhe in Chinese reflects a gradual deepening of the cognition and understanding of ganzhe by the Han people,while the synchronic distribution of the names for'sugarcane'in the ethnic minority languages conveys the historical layers of the cultural contact and exchanges between and among the various ethnic groups.

关 键 词：甘蔗 蔗糖 石蜜 梵语 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]