卡特政府对南非的防核扩散政策  

President Jimmy Carter's Administration's Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy Toward South Africa

作　　者：应荣荣 刘子奎[1] Ying Rongrong;Liu Zikui

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第5期109-138,7,8,共32页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国防核扩散政策档案的搜集、整理与研究(1945~2017)”(项目编号:20&ZD242)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：面对南非日益严重的核扩散,卡特政府试图通过核谈判并承诺向南非的民用核设施提供足够且长期的未来核燃料供应,以换取南非加入《核不扩散条约》,将南非的所有核活动置于国际安全保障监督之下,达到防止南非发展核武器的目的。1977年“卡拉哈里事件”发生后,卡特政府与南非进行交涉,并获得南非的三项“核保证”。1978年“史密斯会谈”期间,卡特政府试图通过核谈判,进一步加强对南非的防核扩散控制。然而,随着1979年“维拉事件”的发生,美国与南非的核谈判濒临破产。卡特政府将重点放在控制南非核技术能力上,忽视南非发展核武器的动机,是谈判失败的重要原因。这在一定程度上也解释了卡特政府执政后期其防核扩散政策的总体转变。In response to South Africa's increasing nuclear proliferation risk, the Carter administration sought to prevent South Africa from developing nuclear weapons through negotiation. The U.S. promised to supply South Africa with adequate and long-term nuclear fuel for its civilian nuclear facilities in exchange for South Africa's accession to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT) and placing all of its nuclear activities under international safeguards. After the 1977 “Kalahari Incident,” the Carter administration engaged with South Africa and secured three “nuclear guarantees” from the country. During the 1978 “Smith Talks,” the Carter administration attempted to further strengthen non-proliferation controls over South Africa through continued nuclear negotiations. However, following the 1979 “Vela Incident,” the U.S.-South Africa nuclear negotiations were on the verge of collapse. A key factor in the failure of these talks was the Carter administration's focus on controlling South Africa's nuclear capabilities while neglecting the country's motivation to develop nuclear weapons. This oversight also partly explains the overall shift in the Carter administration's non-proliferation policy in its later years.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 冷战 核扩散 卡特政府 南非 

分 类 号：D815.2[政治法律—国际关系] D837.8[政治法律—政治学]