宣传与情报的共生:冷战前期中国香港美国新闻处对新中国信息的搜集、分析和利用  

The Symbiosis of Propaganda and Intelligence:Information Collection,Analysis and Utilization on PRC by USIA and USIS-Hong Kong,China during the 1950s and 1960s

作　　者：翟韬[1] Zhai Tao

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第5期139-159,8,共22页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目《文化冷战视野下的美国与香港、台湾关系(1949—1979)》(项目号:20BSS062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：冷战前期,美国新闻署以及其驻中国香港的美国新闻处对华进行了大量的情报工作。20世纪50、60年代,随着美国和新中国在各个领域对抗逐渐激烈,美国新闻署的对华情报工作总体发展趋势越来越重要,最后甚至超越了宣传工作本身,成为宣传部门对华工作的头号目标。就工作类型而言,中国香港美新处对华情报工作主要分为两大类:搜集和传播涉华信息、研究和分析涉华信息;就情报搜集和关注的焦点而言,宣传机构的搜集和研究主要集中在新中国政治经济军事大事、新中国宣传和文化外交信息、世界各国涉华舆情、宣传项目的效果等几大方面。因而,中国香港美新处不仅是冷战时期美国在东亚反中共宣传的中心,也成为美国决策者对华的“耳目”和美国对中国的“监听站”。这显示出冷战期间美国对外宣传和情报工作的共生关系;同时宣传部门的情报工作和情报部门的情报工作相比也带有若干自身的特点。In the early years of the Cold War,the United States Information Agency(USIA)and its United States Information Service in Hong Kong,China(USIS-Hong Kong,China)carried out a lot of intelligence work on China.In the 1950s and 1960s,with the increasing fierce confrontation between the U.S.and the PRC in various fields,the overall development trend of the intelligence work on China in the USIA and USIS-Hong Kong,China became more and more important,and finally,it even surpassed the propaganda itself and became the top priority of the propaganda department(USIA)work on China.In terms of work types,the intelligence work on China mainly focuses two categories:collection and dissemination,and research analysis.In terms of the focus of intelligence,the U.S.propaganda machine collection and research work mainly focused on the political and economic events of PRC,foreign publicity and cultural diplomacy of New China,public opinions related to China in the world,and the effects of propaganda projects toward PRC and on PRC.Thus,the USIS-Hong Kong,China was not only the center of anti-Chinese Communist propaganda of the U.S.in East Asia during the Cold War but also became the“eyes and ears”of American policymakers to China and the“listening post”of the U.S.to China.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 冷战史 中美关系史 香港美国新闻处 宣传 对华情报 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] G350[政治法律—外交学]