邓小平对党和国家监督体制的探索及其经验启示  

Examining Deng Xiaoping's Party and State Oversight Systems and Their Implications

作　　者：毛胜 Mao Sheng(Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党史和文献研究院第七研究部

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2024年第5期31-38,共8页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

摘　　要：新中国成立后,邓小平高度重视党和国家监督体制建设,在长期探索中取得了重要成果,积累了宝贵经验。他深刻把握革命胜利后党所处地位的转变,强调“党要受监督,党员要受监督”,而且要“实行严格的有系统的监督”;深刻总结“文化大革命”的教训,强调“制度问题更带有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性”,把完善监督体制作为党和国家领导制度改革的重要组成部分;深刻洞察改革开放条件下党面临的新考验,强调“中央要有权威”,完善党和国家监督体制是“为了更好地加强和改善党的领导”。邓小平关于党和国家监督体制建设的基本构想集中体现为四个“点”:以保证权力正确行使为根本点,切实加强对权力运行的制约和监督;以践行党的性质宗旨为出发点,增强党员干部接受监督的自觉性;以健全制度为关键点,建立和完善各种必要的监督制度;以监督机构设置为支撑点,对党组织和党员实施有效监督。今天,从邓小平的探索和实践中汲取经验,进一步健全和完善党和国家监督体系,把握和处理好以下三对关系尤为重要:处理好上下和左右的关系,构建党统一指挥、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系,不断增强监督合力;处理好有形和无形的关系,坚持思想教育和制度约束同向发力,不断提升监督实效;处理好自律和他律的关系,坚持自我监督和人民监督相结合,不断破解监督难题。Following the founding of the People's Republic of China,Deng Xiaoping placed significant emphasis on the oversight systems of the Party and state,achieving remarkable results and accumulating invaluable experience through long-term explora-tion.He recognized the transformative impact of the Party's status after the revolution's victory,underscoring the necessity of su-pervision for both the Party and its members,alongside the implementation of rigorous and systematic oversight.Deng critically assessed the lessons of the Cultural Revolution,noting that the root causes of institutional issues were fundamental,pervasive,consistent,and enduring.He advocated for improving supervision systems as an essential component of reforming the Party and state leadership framework.In light of the new challenges arising from the reform and opening up period,Deng stressed that"the central leadership must have authority,"asserting that enhancements to oversight systems were vital for reinforcing and improving the Party's leadership.His foundational ideas regarding the construction of oversight systems encompassed four key principles:en-suring that power is exercised correctly as a fundamental requirement while effectively enhancing the restrictions and supervision of power;emphasizing the nature and purpose of the Party to heighten the self-awareness of all Party members and cadres regarding their responsibility to accept supervision;advocating for the establishment and refinement of sound systems,including necessary oversight mechanisms;and creating supervisory institutions to support the effective oversight of Party organizations and their mem-bers.Today,as we draw from Deng Xiaoping's exploration and practices,we must navigate three critical relationships in our ef-forts to further enhance the Party and state oversight systems.First,we must adeptly manage the key relationships at all levels and in all areas,establishing oversight systems characterized by central command,comprehensive coverage,authoritative control,and high effi

关 键 词：监督体制 权力制约 管党治党 国家治理 

分 类 号：D262.6[政治法律—政治学] A849[政治法律—中共党史]