农民与中国现代化  

Farmers and China’s Modernization

作　　者：贺雪峰 HE Xuefeng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第10期171-183,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：如何处理与农民的关系问题一直是中国现代化的核心问题。新中国前三十年,通过城乡二元体制,借助统购统销制度,农村为中国工业化提供了原始资本积累,从而使中国在最短的时间建立了完整的国民经济体系,实现了新中国的工业化。改革开放以来,借助中国廉价农村劳动力和土地制度优势,中国承接国际产业转移的历史机遇,成为世界上最大的制造业基地,变成“世界工厂”。当前时期,中国正在通过产业升级,变“中国制造”为“中国创造”,通过产业提档升级,发展新质生产力,跨越中等收入阶段,进入发达国家行列,大量农民不仅进城务工经商而且开始融入城市。但农民进城仍然具有脆弱性,保留农民返乡权利,充分利用“保护型城乡二元结构”建立高水平的市场—社会体制,形成市场体制与社会体制的高水平的对冲、互补与平衡,将大大缓解中国现代化进程中可能出现的危机,助力中国现代化实践。只有充分认识到农民在中国现代化中的重要性,解决好现代化进程中的农民问题,中国现代化的任务才能完成,中华民族伟大复兴的目标才能实现。How to deal with the relationship with farmers has always been the core issue of China’s modernization.In the first thirty years of New China,through the urban-rural dual system and the unified purchasing and marketing system,rural areas provided original capital accumulation for China’s industrialization,thereby establishing a complete national economic system in the shortest time possible and realizing the industrialization of New China.Since the reform and opening up,China has utilized its cheap rural labor force and land system,seizing historical opportunity of the world’s industrial transfer and become the world’s largest manufacturing base and the world’s factory.In the current period,China is transforming“Made in China”into“Created in China”through industrial upgrading,developing new productivity through industrial upgrading,crossing the middleincome stage,and entering the ranks of developed countries.A significant number of China’s farmers are not only moving to cities for work and business,but are also beginning to integrate into urban life.However,farmers still suffer from vulnerability when entering cities,so the right of farmers to return home should be retained.We should fully utilize the urban-rural dual structure to establish a high-level market social system,forming a high-level hedge,complementarity,and balance between the market system and the social system.This will significantly ease potential challenges in China’s modernization process and contribute to its ongoing modernization efforts.Only by fully recognizing the importance of farmers in China’s modernization and solving the problems of farmers in the process of China’s modernization can the tasks of China’s modernization be completed and the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation be achieved.

关 键 词：农民问题 中国式现代化 城乡二元结构 小农立场 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]