美国认知安全战略:建构脉络、演进特点与影响评估  

The Cognitive Security Strategy of the United States:Formation Process,Evolutionary Characteristics,and Impact Assessment

作　　者：李艳[1] 崔文龙 桂畅旎 Li Yan;Cui Wenlong;Gui Changni

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院科技与网络安全研究所 [2]《中国信息安全》杂志社

出　　处：《国家安全研究》2024年第5期87-106,154,155,共22页China security studies

摘　　要：美国注重认知影响的思维惯性根植于历史与文化之中。从一战起,美国认知安全理念从无意识逐步转向有意识;冷战时期,美国大量积累认知战经验,并将其制度化和理论化;冷战后期,美国认知安全战略布局基本成形;新时期社交网络、人工智能、算法分发等新技术对传统信息生产方式和传播结构造成冲击,美国认知安全观念与策略也相应调整与深化。纵观美国认知安全战略演进过程,其核心理念不变但主要目标对手不断调整,机制范式不变但机构部门调整。当前,美国通过强化技术赋能拓展认知安全空间、丰富认知战手段,认知安全策略显现建构主义倾向,认知安全议题亦成为其加固联盟的重要基石。未来,科技创新能力对认知安全的影响将进一步加深,军事领域的认知战与物理战界限将更趋模糊。在总体国家安全观指导下,加强战略预置、丰富战术机制、全面评估新兴技术风险与机遇是有效应对认知安全风险的应有之义。The US mental inertia that emphasizes the influence of cognition is rooted in its history and culture.Starting from World War Ⅰ,the US perception of cognitive security gradually evolved from unconscious to conscious.During the Cold War,the United States accumulated—later,institutionalized and theorized—rich experience related to cognitive warfare.In the final stages of the Cold War,the US cognitive security strategy basically took shape.Nowadays,emerging technologies including social networking,artificial intelligence,and distributed algorithms are impacting traditional information production methods and communication structures.Accordingly,the United States has been adjusting and deepening its notions and tactics concerning cognitive security.Throughout the evolution of the US cognitive security strategy,the core concepts have remained unchanged despite constantly recalibrated targets or rivals and the institutional paradigm has stayed the same despite frequent restructuring of agencies.At present,the United States is attempting to expand its cognitive security space and increase its means of cognitive warfare through technological empowerment,its cognitive security tactics are increasingly constructivist,and cognitive security issues have become a cornerstone of its efforts to consolidate alliances.Looking ahead,scientific and technological innovation capabilities will have an ever growing influence on cognitive security,and the boundary between cognitive and physical warfare will become even more blurred.To effectively respond to cognitive security risks,we should strengthen strategic preparedness,improve tactical mechanisms,and thoroughly assess the risks and opportunities emanating from emerging technologies under the guidance of a holistic approach to national security.

关 键 词：中美关系 美国安全战略 认知安全 认知战 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]