中国北方地区细石叶技术的起源与兴衰过程  

THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBLADE TECHNOLOGY IN NORTHERN CHINA

作　　者：仪明洁[1] 高星[2] Yi Mingjie;Gao Xing

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《考古学报》2024年第4期449-472,共24页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目京津冀地区旧石器晚期至新石器初期考古遗存综合研(项目批准号:20LSC020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一引言在旧石器时代晚期,全球石器技术呈现小型化趋势[1],以生产形态规范且窄长、两边刃平行、薄锐锋利的细石叶为目标的细石叶技术存在于东亚、北亚及北美部分地区,在古人类适应生存、社会发展过程中发挥了重要作用。Foragers in northern China widely used microblade technology during the late Upper Paleolithic.This technology involved preparing microblade cores,utilizing soft hammer and indirect percussion,and pressure flaking to produce microblades that were hafted in slotted organic tools.These techniques were integral to microblade technology but were rarely seen in traditional flaking systems in northern China.Based on ecological and technological analyses,Siberia's technological foundation was more advanced.Microblades appeared in Siberia earlier than other regions and evolved significantly during their spread.The development of microblade technology in northern China can be divided into four stages:1)Germination stage(28,000-25,000 cal BP):Limited microblade sites suggest the early use of chunk blanks.Microcores from this period included conical,semi-conical,prismatic,and semi-prismatic shapes.2)Convergence stage(25,000-18,000 cal BP):Boat-shaped microcores were predominant,especially in northeast China,where narrow-platform wedgeshaped microcores existed.Foragers mainly used flake blanks to make microcores.3)Explosion stage(18,000-10,000 cal BP):Microblade technology became the primary lithic technology in northern China,while traditional flake technology became rare.Microcore shapes included wedge-shaped,conical,prismatic,and boat-shaped forms.4)Decline stage(after 10,000 cal BP):Foragers in marginal regions continued to employ mobile strategies that depended on microblade technology.However,some foragers in more favorable environments adopted social organizations characterized by low group mobility and high individual mobility,laying the foundation for the Neolithic process.

关 键 词：细石叶技术 旧石器时代晚期 石器技术 兴衰过程 中国北方地区 社会发展过程 古人类 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]