膝关节置换术后常用康复器具的应用与疗效分析  

Application and efficacy analysis of common rehabilitation devices used after knee replacement surgery

作　　者：刘培来[1] 李学州 卢群山[1] 孙厚义 杨杰[1] 李哲[1] LIU Peilai;LI Xuezhou;LU Qunshan;SUN Houyi;YANG Jie;LI Zhe(Department of Orthopedic,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan 250012,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学齐鲁医院骨科,山东济南250012

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2024年第10期1-7,共7页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82302699)。

摘　　要：系统总结膝关节置换术后康复过程中的常用康复器具及其在不同康复阶段的作用。膝关节置换术是治疗膝关节骨关节炎的主要手段,术后康复对患者的功能恢复和生活质量改善至关重要。根据康复的不同阶段,将术后康复目标分为缓解疼痛和减少肿胀、恢复关节活动度、增强肌肉力量以及改善步态和平衡,并详细介绍了各阶段常用的康复器具,如冷疗装置、患者自主控制镇痛泵、连续被动运动机、经皮电刺激仪、神经肌肉电刺激仪、步态训练设备等。尽管部分器具的疗效存在争议,尤其是在疼痛管理和关节活动度恢复方面,但它们在加速术后康复和提升患者满意度方面展现出一定的积极作用。随着虚拟现实技术和机器人辅助康复设备的应用前景逐步展现,未来个性化康复方案将进一步优化患者的康复体验与效果。This review systematically summarizes the common rehabilitation devices used in postoperative rehabilitation of knee replacement and their roles at different stages of recovery.Knee replacement is a primary treatment for knee osteoarthritis,and postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for functional recovery and improvement in patientsquality of life.Based on the different stages of rehabilitation,the goals are categorized into pain relief and swelling reduction,restoration of joint mobility,strengthening of muscle power,and improvement of gait and balance.This paper provides a detailed overview of the commonly used medical devices at each stage,such as cold therapy devices,patient-controlled analgesia pumps,continuous passive motion machines,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation devices,neuromuscular electrical stimulation devices,and gait training equipment.Although the efficacy of some devices remains controversial,particularly in pain management and joint mobility restoration,they have demonstrated positive effects in accelerating postoperative recovery and enhancing patient satisfaction.With the promising prospects of virtual reality and robot-assisted rehabilitation devices,future personalized rehabilitation plans are expected to further optimize the recovery experience and outcomes for patients.

关 键 词：膝关节置换术 康复器具 冷疗 连续被动运动机 电刺激设备 步态分析 

分 类 号：R608[医药卫生—外科学]