卫生行政处罚的证明方法  

Proof Methods for Administrative Sanctions in Public Health

作　　者：张红升 Zhang Hongsheng(Shenzhen Guangming district health inspection institute,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518132,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市光明区卫生监督所,广东深圳市518132

出　　处：《卫生法学》2024年第6期51-59,共9页Health Law

摘　　要：卫生行政处罚的事实认定是以证据为依据,运用经验法则和逻辑规则进行经验推论的过程。常用证明方法有直接证明、间接证明、推定,推定是末位证明方法。事实推定是运用经验法则和逻辑规则进行的推论。自由心证作为证明机制,以证据规则、经验法则和逻辑规则为依据和制约,内心确信以证据自由判断为前导。证明程序包括取证、举证、质证、认证、认定。从证据到事实的构建是最佳故事模式,最佳故事应符合完整性、协调性、唯一性、简单性、涵盖性的标准。The recognition of facts concerning administrative sanctions in public health is a process based on evidence,utilizing empirical rules and logical principles for inferential reasoning.Commonly used proof methods include direct proof,indirect proof,and presumption,with presumption serving as the last resort in proof methods.Fact presumption involves inferences made using empirical rules and logical principles.Free conviction,as a mechanism of proof,is predicated upon and constrained by rules of evidence,empirical norms,and logical axiomatics,where inner conviction is guided by free judgment based on evidence.The proof procedure encompasses evidence collection,burden of proof,cross-examination,certification,and recognition.Constructing evidence into facts forms the optimal narrative model,which should align with standards of integrity,coherence,uniqueness,simplicity,and comprehensiveness.

关 键 词：卫生行政处罚 证明方法 直接证明 间接证明 推定 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]