人机传播的失灵与修复:家庭成员“共同媒介参与”的视频分析研究  

Breakdown and Repair of Human-machine Communication:Video Analysis of Family Members'Joint Media Engagement

作　　者：罗龙翔 王兵 王秀丽[1] LUO Longxiang;WANG Bing;WANG Xiuli(the School of New Media at Peking University and the Department of Communication at the University of California,Davis;the School of New Media at Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新媒体研究院 [2]美国加州大学戴维斯分校传播学系 [3]清华大学新闻与传播学院 [4]美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校传媒学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2024年第8期27-49,共23页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：为弥补人机传播研究在理论和视角等方面的不足,本文结合人际传播理论,探究了家庭成员在智能音箱“共同媒介参与”过程中面临的“失灵”现象及采取的“修复”措施。录像分析与对视频内容的质性分析结果(N=74)显示:智能音箱在识别灵敏性、互动稳定性、语料多元性、内容与功能丰富性上的缺陷,以及儿童语言机能水平和智识发展水平较低是造成人机互动失灵的主要原因;在修复过程中,智能音箱会采用负面型和正面型两类措施,儿童会采取语音和语义修复及非口头语言措施,父母会辅助性地采取鼓励引导、提供建议、行为示范和直接修复等措施;与一般常识不同的是,在人机传播过程中,多数时候是用户在适应机器的逻辑。根据研究结果,本文认为“过程”是人际传播与人机传播的重要结合点,且“发展的”取向的人际传播理论更适用于人机传播语境。本文同时对人机关系、人机文明和技术政治等相关话题进行了讨论。This study advances research on human-machine communication(HMC)by exploring communication breakdown and its repair in the process of family members'joint media engagement with smart speakers.Leveraging insights from interpersonal communication research and using video analysis and thematic analysis of 74 UGC(User Generated Content)videos,it identifies factors contributing to communication breakdown,including recognition sensitivity,interaction stability,corpus diversity,and content richness of smart speakers,as well as children's language proficiency and intellectual development level.The study also highlights strategies employed by smart speakers to repair communication breakdowns,including both negative and positive measures,and that employed by children,consisting of a spectrum of verbal and non-verbal approaches,and parents adopt different repair strategies in response to communication breakdowns.Additionally,users tend to adapt to the logic of the machine during human-machine communication rather than the opposite.It argues that the concept ofprocess"bridges interpersonal communication and HMC,emphasizing developmental aspects of interpersonal communication is particularly relevant to HMC.The study also offers insights into human-machine relationship,human-machine civilization,and technopolitics.

关 键 词：人际传播 人机关系 传播过程 智能音箱 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理] G206[社会学]