明清北京官式建筑雀替形制分期研究——兼论故宫午门及慈宁门外檐雀替形制年代  

A Study of the Evolution of Queti Sparrow Brace in the Ming-Qing Official-Styled Architectures in Beijing with the Cases of Queti in Wumen and Ciningmen Gates of the Imperial Forbidden City

作　　者：王藏博 王奥怡 Wang Cangbo;Wang Aoyi

机构地区：[1]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司建筑历史研究所

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第10期17-34,146,共19页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：中国建筑设计研究院有限公司科技创新项目“斗栱形制分期所见北京故宫木构建筑断代研究”(项目编号:1100C080230066)经费资助。

摘　　要：本文运用文物建筑形制类型学研究方法,从北京地区的明清官式建筑雀替做法上提炼出六组计21个形制类型,并结合文献史料,系统梳理出42处标尺建筑,划分出明清北京官式建筑雀替所经历的五个演变历程:即宋元雀替结合期、明式雀替微变期、关外形制传播影响期、清式雀替定型成熟期、清式雀替微变期。同时以此分期为标尺,考证了故宫午门和慈宁门外檐雀替的年代。The thesis demonstrates the module evolution of the architectural part Queti of Sparrow Brace in the Ming-Qing official-styled buildings in Beijing using typology methods for cultural and historical architecture heritages to categorize them into 21 models under 6 groups by shape,and identify 42 official-measured buildings systematically by historical documents,covering five stages:the combination of the Song-Yuan Queti,the minor transformation of Ming-styled Queti,the dissemination of Queti in Guanwai's style,the finalized Qing-styled Queti,the minor transformation of Qing-styled Queti.Based on the analysis above and historical files,the Queti fixed to Wumen and Ciningmen Gates of the imperial Forbidden City are dated.

关 键 词：明清 北京 官式建筑 雀替 午门 慈宁门 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K879.1[历史地理—中国史] TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]