故宫奉先殿后殿内檐额枋彩画营缮历史及工艺做法分析  

On The Construction History and Craftsmanship of the Polychrome Patterns on the Inner Eaves of the Rear Hall of Fengxian Dian in the Forbidden City

作　　者：卓媛媛 王思嘉 Zhuo Yuanyuan;Wang Sijia

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院古建部 [2]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第10期35-55,147,共22页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：故宫博物院2021年度科研课题“故宫奉先殿建筑及祭祀空间原状研究”(项目编号:KT2020-15);北京故宫文物保护基金会学术故宫万科公益基金会专项经费特别资助。

摘　　要：奉先殿是清代皇家祭祖的重要建筑,后殿内檐旋子彩画纹样呈现明末清初的时代特征,彩画表面存在明显过色见新痕迹,档案记载其曾经过多次修缮。为了解该区域的彩画营缮历史与绘制工艺,作者从四处构件上采集样品。一方面利用剖面显微分析、偏光显微分析、SEM-EDS,结合历史文献、彩画形制、工艺和颜料史的相关研究成果,全面考证了后殿内檐现存彩画在清顺治、康熙、乾隆、道光四个时期的营缮历史及修缮范围;另一方面通过解读彩画的材料种类和工艺特征,指出在康熙二十年之前的旋子彩画工艺中出现了使用浅色颜料“摊活”的工艺做法,同时,金箔检测结果与清代档案记载共同证实,奉先殿道光时期彩画使用的金箔含金量低于其他时期彩画,是当时江苏制造金箔商户有意控制成本的结果。Fengxian Dian,the imperial hall for ancestry worship,has the Xuanzi-styled polychrome patterns with the feature of the late Ming-early Qing times on the inner eaves of the rear hall.The traces left indicate the patterns were repainted a couple of times as is recorded in the files of the Qing Court.Taking the sampled objects from four parts of the structure,this thesis reviews the history and crafts of the Xuanzi-styled polychrome pattern construction and restoration,especially to localize the detailed areas repaired through the periods of Shunzhi,Kangxi,Qianlong and Daoguang using the instruments such as crosssection microscopy,polarized light,SEM-EDS and the related research results together.Moreover,the test analysis on the kinds of the materials and the technique characteristics suggests that the craft of'Tanhuo'(摊活)using light-colored pigments already worked in the Xuanzi-styled painted patterns of the first 20 years of Emperor Kangxi(康熙)period.Third,it is indicated by the test results and the files that the gold content of gold foil in the polychrome paintings of Fengxian Dian in Emperor Daoguang(道光)period is lower than ever before,which reflects that the cost of production was deliberately controlled by the Jiangsu traders of gold foil of that time.

关 键 词：奉先殿 旋子彩画 贴金 剖面显微分析 扫描电镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDS)分析 

分 类 号：K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]