绘画所见永乐时期明朝与帖木儿帝国的文化交流  

Cultural Exchanges between the Ming Dynasty and the Timurid Empire During the Yongle Period Reflected in Paintings

作　　者：马顺平[1] Ma Shunping

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院书画部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第10期97-112,149,共17页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：永乐时期(1403-1424),明朝与帖木儿帝国是当时亚洲最为强大的两个国家,经济文化均处于各自辉煌阶段。土耳其托普卡帕皇宫博物馆藏《牵马图》残本、《海东青图》以及美国克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏细密画《花园宴会图》,是记载这一时期两国经济文化交往的珍贵历史图像。画面中出现的大西马、海东青、猎豹,呈现出当时亚洲宫廷狩猎文化的交流和传播;而织金服饰、青花瓷,则显示了中国文化对帖木儿帝国贵族生活的深入影响。明朝使者出现于失剌思的宫廷宴会中,更是印证了永乐时期明朝西域外交活动的重要时刻。上述绘画文物,对于拓宽明朝与帖木儿帝国相互关系的研究视野与研究路径,具有典型的意义。During the Yongle(永乐)period(1402-1424),the Ming Dynasty and the Timurid Empire playing as Asia's most powerful nations both enjoyed a period of economic and cultural brilliance.The historical images illustrate their exchanges in economic and culture such as the fragmentary'Leading the Horse'(牵马图,Qiān MǎTú)and the'Painting of the Gyrfalcon(海东青图,Hǎi Dong Qīng Tu)of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Turkey,and the miniature painting'Garden Banquet'(花园宴会图HuāYuán Yàn Hui Tú)of the Cleveland Museum of Art in the United States.The big-western horse,sonqors and cheetahs in the paintings present the exchanges and dissemination of courtly hunting culture in Asia in history.The gold-threaded garments and blue-and-white porcelain show the profound impacts from Chinese culture upon the aristocratic life of the Timurid Empire.The presence of the Ming envoys at a court banquet in Shiraz highlights the occasion of the Ming Dynasty's diplomatic activities in the Western Regions during the Yongle period.

关 键 词：帖木儿帝国 失剌思 朱棣 沙哈鲁 海东青 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]