绿肥与氮肥配施对烤烟生长特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Green Manure and Nitrogen Fertilize Combined Application on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：邓艺璇 黄瑞寅[3] 张士荣[2] 丁效东[2] 刘兰 樊苗苗 王军 DENG Yixuan;HUANG Ruiyin;ZHANG Shirong;DING Xiaodong;LIU Lan;FAN Miaomiao;WANG Jun(Tobacco Science Institute of Guangdong,Shaoguan 512026,China;College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Corporation,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省烟草科学研究所,广东韶关512026 [2]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [3]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期157-165,共9页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2023440000340032)。

摘　　要：为了探索绿肥与氮肥配施对广东省南雄牛肝土壤烤烟生长特性的影响,采用大田试验的方法,设置3个氮肥水平(N1:0 kg/hm^(2);N2:126 kg/hm^(2);N3:180 kg/hm^(2))和3个绿肥水平(L1:0 t/hm^(2);L2:20 t/hm^(2);L3:40 t/hm^(2)),研究不同量绿肥与氮肥配施对烤烟农艺性状、SPAD值、生物量以及光合特性的影响。结果表明:绿肥与氮肥配施能够显著促进烤烟烟株茎、根和叶的生长,改善烤烟的农艺性状,N2L2和N3L2处理烟株农艺性状综合表现较好;绿肥与氮肥配施能够显著提高烤烟烟株的光合能力,在成熟期烤烟的净光合速率(P n)在N2L2处理最高,较N2L1处理提高了24.88%;在成熟期烤烟烟株的SPAD值在N3L2处理最高,为40.57。绿肥与氮肥配施显著提高了烤烟烟株各部位干质量,在成熟期烟株的根、茎、叶和总干质量在N2L2处理最高,较N2L1处理分别提高了32.39%、21.65%、25.22和25.49%。研究还发现,绿肥与氮肥配施能够显著提高烤烟的产量,N2L2处理烤烟产量为1803.07 kg/hm^(2),较N2L1处理提高了27.66%,并且产量与烤烟农艺性状、SPAD值、干物质积累量和净光合速率呈正相关关系。综上所述,基于改善烤烟烟株农艺性状、提高烟株光合能力和提高烟叶产量等方面,N2L2处理和N3L2处理综合表现较好,但是N3L2处理施肥量高,经济效益相对较差,因此研究推荐广东南雄牛肝土壤的烤烟种植的氮肥施用量为126 kg/hm^(2),绿肥施用量为20 t/hm^(2)。In order to explore the effects of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer combined application on the growth characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in Nanxiong beef liver soil of Guangdong Province,field experiments were used,and three nitrogen application rates(N1:0 kg/hm^(2);N2:126 kg/hm^(2);N3:180 kg/hm^(2))and three green manure application rates(L1:0 t/hm^(2);L2:20 t/hm^(2);L3:40 t/hm^(2))were set to study the effects of different amounts of green manure combined application with nitrogen fertilizer on the agronomic traits,SPAD value,biomass,and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the combination of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of tobacco stems,roots and leaves,and improved the agronomic traits of tobacco.The N2L2 and N3L2 treatments showed better comprehensive performance in the agronomic traits of tobacco plants.The combination of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco plants.The net photosynthetic rate(P n)of tobacco at maturity was highest in N2L2 treatment,which was 24.88%higher than N2L1 treatment.The SPAD value of maturity tobacco plants in the N3L2 treatment was the highest,at 40.57.The combination of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry weight of various parts of the tobacco plant.During the mature stage,the root,stem,leaf and total dry weight of the tobacco plant were highest in the N2L2 treatment,which increased by 32.39%,21.65%,25.22%,and 25.49%,respectively,compared to the N2L1 treatment.This experiment also found that the combination of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the yield of tobacco.The yield of tobacco treated with N2L2 was 1803.07 kg/hm^(2),which was 27.66%higher than that of the N2L1 treatment.The yield was positively correlated with the agronomic traits,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and the net photosynthetic rate of tobacco.Together,based on improvement of agronomic traits,photosyn

关 键 词：绿肥 氮肥 烤烟 光合特性 生长特性 产量 

分 类 号：S551.9[农业科学—作物学]