生物炭与木霉生物有机肥对红壤稻田烤烟氮肥利用率与产量产值的影响  

Impacts of biochar and Trichoderma enriched bio-organic fertilizer on nitrogen using efficiency,yields and product values of flue-cured tobacco in reddish paddy fields

作　　者：谢志坚 张海伟 卢叶 王念磊 XIE Zhijian;ZHANG Haiwei;LU Ye;WANG Nianlei(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Institute of Tobacco Sciences in Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330025,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省烟草科学研究所,江西南昌330025

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第5期1151-1162,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060727);中国烟草总公司江西省公司技术攻关项目(202201001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索红壤区“稻-烟”轮作模式下生物炭与木霉生物有机肥的最佳施用量,可为促进烤烟早生快发、适产增值与资源增效等提供新路径。【方法】通过大田试验,研究生物炭(B)和木霉生物有机肥(OF)不同施用量{0、低量(750 kg/hm^(2))和高量(1500 kg/hm^(2))}对烤烟干物质累积与根系生长及其根/冠比、氮肥偏生产力和产量、均价与产值的影响及其互作效应。【结果】生物炭与木霉生物有机肥互作可显著影响烤烟生长发育、氮肥利用率及其产量、均价与产值。与不施用生物炭(B0)相比,施用生物炭分别增加根系体积(6.6%~54.0%)、植株干物质累积量(2.3%~15.3%)及其根/冠比(8.0%~44.4%)、氮肥偏生产力(3.1%~6.0%)和均价与产值(1.6%~8.3%),而且均以施低量生物炭的效果最佳;较之不施木霉生物有机肥(OF0),施低量木霉生物有机肥可显著增加烤烟根系体积(3.5%~23.2%)、生育前中期植株干物质累积量(5.3%~18.3%)及其根冠比(8.7%~13.0%)、产量(5.2%)和氮肥偏生产力(19.6%~35.5%),而施用高量木霉生物有机肥则显著降低烤烟干物质累积量6.01%和生育后期根系体积7.0%~10.4%。另外,与不施生物炭和木霉生物有机肥处理(B0OF0)相比,生物炭与木霉生物有机肥配施不仅可以替代适量(~15%)氮肥,还可不同程度提升烤烟植株干物质累积量与根系体积及其根冠比、产量、均价与产值和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】施用生物炭和木霉生物有机肥不仅可以有效促进烤烟植株干物质累积和根系生长,而且可以有效提高烤烟产量、均价与产值和氮肥偏生产力,对促进红壤稻田烤烟绿色生产具有重要的理论与实践应用价值。[Objective]This study aims to explore the optimal application amount of biochar and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer under the‘rice-tobacco’rotation mode in red soil area,thus providing a new path for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco and increasing production value and resource efficiency.[Method]A field trial was conducted to investigate the optimal application rates of biochar(B)and Trichoderma enriched bio-organic fertilizer(OF)in the rice-tobacco rotation system of reddish paddy fields.The interactive effects of different application rates(0 kg/hm^(2),low dose(750 kg/hm^(2))and high dose(1500 kg/hm^(2)),respectively)of B and OF on the dry matter accumulation(DMA),root volume,ratio of root to shoot,partial factor productivity from chemical N fertilizer(PFPN),yield and the economic benefits of FCT plants were investigated.[Result]The interaction between B and OF significantly affected the growth,N using efficiency,yield and economic benefits of FCT.Compared with no B(B0),applying B can increased root volume(6.6%-54.0%),DMA(2.3%-15.3%),ratio of root to shoot(8.0%-44.4%),PFPN(3.1%-6.0%),and economic benefits(1.6%-8.3%)of FCT,respectively.The practice of applying 750 kg/hm^(2) of biochar achieved the optimal effect.Moreover,compared with no OF(OF0),applying 750 kg/hm^(2) of OF significantly increased the root volume(3.5%-23.2%),DMA(5.3%-18.3%),ratio of root to shoot(8.7%-13.0%),yield(5.2%),and PFPN(19.6%-35.5%)of FCT.However,the application of high dose of OF significantly reduced DMA by 6.01%and root volume by 7.0%-10.4%at the later growth stage of FCT.In addition,compared with no B and OF(B0OF0),the practices of combining B and OF replaced not onlymineral N fertilizer(15%),but also the DMA,root volume,ratio of root to shoot,yields,economic values and PFPN of FCT exhibit varying degrees of improvements.[Conclusion]Therefore,the application of biochar and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer can not only effectively promote the dry matter accumulation and root growth of flue-c

关 键 词：烤烟 生物炭 木霉生物有机肥 氮肥偏生产力 产量产值 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S311[农业科学—作物学]