植保无人机喷施灭草松防除燕麦田杂草的雾滴沉积特性及除草效果  

Droplet deposition characteristics and weed control effects of spraying herbicide Bentazone on oat fields by plant protection drones

作　　者：付贞桢 郭良芝 程亮[1,2] 李秋荣 魏有海[1,2] FU Zhenzhen;GUO Liangzhi;CHENG Liang;LI Qiurong;WEI Youhai(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第5期1221-1232,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：农业农村部现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-C-3、CARS-08-C-3);科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助项目(2019QZKK0303)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在探究应用植保无人机进行改变无人机飞行高度、飞行速度以及喷幅喷施燕麦田间除草作业的雾滴沉积分布特性及杂草防除效果。【方法】选用大疆T30植保无人机作为测试器械,采用作业高度、速度、喷幅设计三因素三水平正交试验测定了燕麦叶片的雾滴沉积规律。同时田间试验测定了喷施除草剂对燕麦混播田靶标杂草的防效。【结果】采用T30植保无人机喷施480 g/L灭草松AS,当作业参数喷幅为4 m/mL、作业高度为1.5 m、作业速度为5 m/s时燕麦叶片上的雾滴覆盖率为6.98%,雾滴沉积密度为107.80个/cm^(2),在设置的所有处理中最高,雾滴平均直径达1447μm。分析认为影响燕麦叶片雾滴覆盖率和沉积密度的主要因素依次为作业高度、作业速度、喷幅,而影响雾滴直径的因素依次为作业速度、喷幅和作业高度。喷幅4 m、飞行高度1.5 m、飞行速度5 m/s为T30植保无人机在喷施灭草松除草剂时的最佳飞行参数,施药后40 d时对燕麦田杂草的株防效为87.07%,鲜重防效为91.45%。与对照相比,增产幅度为437.47 kg/hm^(2),增产率为10.09%。【结论】揭示了植保无人机T30在燕麦田喷施480 g/L灭草松AS除草剂时的雾滴沉积分布规律及其在田间的除草效果,为植保无人机在农业领域的广泛应用提供数据支持和技术支撑。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the distribution characteristics of droplet deposition and weed control effect of plant protection UAV in weeding operation of oat field by changing flight height,flight speed and spray width.[Method]DJI T30 plant protection drone was selected as a test instrument to determine the droplet deposition rule of oat leaves by three factors and three levels orthogonal test of working height,speed and spray width design.In addition,field experiments were conducted to determine the control effect of herbicide spraying on target weeds in oat mixed sowing field.[Result]The test results showed that when the spraying parameters were 4 m/mL,the working height was 1.5 m,and the working speed was 5 m/s(i.e.,treatment 7),the fog droplet coverage rate on oat leaves was 6.98%,and the droplet deposition density was 107.80 cm².With an average droplet diameter of 1447μm,it was the highest of all the treatments set.The analysis showed that the main factors affecting the fog coverage and deposition density of oat leaves were working height,working speed and spraying amplitude,while the factors affecting the fog drop diameter were working speed,spraying amplitude and working height.The optimal flight parameters were 4 m spray width,1.5 m flight height and 5 m/s flight speed for T30 plant protection UAV.The plant control efficiency was 87.07%and fresh weight control efficiency was 91.45%at 40 d after application.Compared with the control,the yield increase was 437.47 kg/hm^(2),with an increase of 10.09%.[Conclusion]The study reveals the distribution of droplet deposition and its effect on weeding in oat field when the plant protection UAV T30 was sprayed with 480 g/L Bentazone AS,which provides data support and technical support for the extensive application of the plant protection UAV in the agricultural field.

关 键 词：植保无人机 燕麦 雾滴沉积 化学除草剂 灭草松 

分 类 号：S252.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S451.229[农业科学—农业工程]