稻麦轮作区秸秆行间集覆清秸装置参数设计与试验  

Parameter design and experiment of straw inter-row collecting-mulching device in rice-wheat rotation area

作　　者：彭申杰 丁启朔 徐高明 何瑞银 李毅念 敖宏贵 刘皓东 PENG Shenjie;DING Qishuo;XU Gaoming;HE Ruiyin;LI Yinian;AO Honggui;LIU Haodong(College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipments of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第5期1308-1322,共15页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300304)。

摘　　要：【目的】稻麦轮作制度是我国长江流域的主要种植制度之一,在保障国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展方面占有重要的地位。但稻麦轮作区免耕播种机在秸秆全覆盖地作业时存在秸秆架空种子、堵塞机具等问题,为此,设计了一种将秸秆拨离种带并抛掷到种行间的驱动式秸秆行间集覆清秸装置。【方法】首先通过驱动式弹齿拨草理论与秸秆合理横向位移限制的分析,建立拨草间距和秸秆横向位移数学模型,确定了影响清秸率和秸秆最大横向位移的主要参数为前进速度、弹齿转速和工作夹角,且各参数的取值范围为前进速度4~8 km/h,弹齿转速160~220 r/min,工作夹角25°~35°。然后以前进速度、弹齿转速和工作夹角为试验因素,以清秸率和秸秆最大横向位移为试验指标,开展三因素三水平二次回归正交室内土槽试验。【结果】土槽试验结果表明,对清秸率影响的主次顺序为弹齿转速、前进速度、工作夹角,其中弹齿转速与工作夹角的交互项对清秸率影响显著,前进速度与弹齿转速、前进速度与工作夹角的交互项对清秸率影响不显著;对秸秆最大横向位移影响的主次顺序为转速、工作夹角、前进速度;其中前进速度与工作夹角、弹齿转速与工作夹角的交互项对秸秆最大横向位移影响显著,前进速度与弹齿转速的交互项对秸秆最大横向位移的影响不显著;多目标参数优化模型求解得到最优参数组合为前进速度4.27 km/h、弹齿转速219.6 r/min、工作夹角25.88°,此时清秸率为84.7%,秸秆最大横向位移为37.5 cm。最后用调整后的最优参数组合开展了该清秸装置的作业性能田间试验。结果表明,该驱动式秸秆行间集覆装置工作稳定,清秸率为80.6%,平均清秸幅宽为25.1 cm,幅宽稳定系数为82.2%,作业效果满足免耕播种农艺要求。【结论】所设计的驱动式秸秆行间集覆装置清秸率高,幅宽稳定,可�[Objective]As one of the main planting systems in the Yangtze River Basin of China,the ricewheat rotation system is playing an important role in ensuring national food security and sustainable agricultural development.A driving type straw inter-row collecting-mulching device was designed to address the problems of straw aerial seeds and clogging of machinery during the operation of no tillage seeders in rice-wheat rotation areas with full straw coverage.The device removes straw from the seed belt and throws it between the rows.[Method]Firstly,through theoretical analysis of the driving type straw-removing spring tooth and reasonable lateral displacement limitation of straw,a mathematical model was established for the spacing between straw paddles and the lateral displacement of straw.The main parameters that affect the cleaning rate and the maximum lateral displacement of straw were determined to be forward speed,rotational speed,and working angle,and the range of values for each parameter was forward speed 4-8 km/h,rotational speed 160-220 r/min,and working angle 25°-35°.Then,with forward speed,rotational speed,and working angle as experimental factors,and straw cleaning rate and maximum lateral displacement of straw as experimental indicators,a three factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal indoor soil tank experiment was conducted.[Result]The results of the soil bin test showed that the primary and secondary order of influence on the straw removal rate was the rotational speed,the forward speed,and the working angle;Among them,the interaction term between the rotational speed and the working angle had a significant impact on the straw removal rate,while the interaction term between the forward speed and the rotational speed,and the forward speed and the working angle had no significant impact on the straw removal rate.The primary and secondary order of influence on the straw lateral displacement was the rotational speed,the working angle,and the forward speed;Among them,the interaction term between

关 键 词：行间集覆 拨草弹齿 免耕 清秸率 秸秆横向位移 正交试验 

分 类 号：S224[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S233.1[农业科学—农业工程]