单侧听力损失的听力学诊断与干预策略  

Audiologic Diagnosis of Unilateral Hearing Loss and Intervention Strategies

作　　者：史文迪 胡娟[3] 陈佳慧 晏小惠 张青[4] SHI Wendi;HU Juan;CHEN Jiahui;YAN Xiaohui;ZHANG Qing(Huier Clinical Audiology Research Center,Hangzhou 310000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]惠耳临床听力学研究中心,杭州310000 [2]杭州仁爱耳聋康复研究院 [3]西安交通大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 [4]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2024年第5期856-860,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82471160,82171143);上海申康医院发展中心研究型医师创新转化能力培训项目(SHDC2022CRD013)。

摘　　要：单侧听力损失是目前我国最常见的听力损失。随着社会发展,医患双方对其认识、诊断及干预的需求越来越高。单侧听力损失患者由于其一侧听力正常,在过去相当长的时间具备了临床隐蔽性和应对生活学习的基本能力,这也使得医师和听力师形成了单侧听力损失不需要干预的临床误区。但单侧听力损失患者丧失了双耳听觉的一系列高级听觉功能后,带来的听疲劳度高、听配能消耗快、噪音下识别率低、心理及性格自卑内向、社交能力差、注意力易分散等方面的问题,出现明显的对学习、工作、生活中的挫败感、被排斥感及竞争力下降等。我们系统地阐述了单侧听力损失的病因、病理、干预策略及不同干预方法中的注意事项,希望帮助耳鼻喉科医师、听力师及单侧听力损失患者,尽早认识危害性,做到早发现、早干预。Unilateral hearing loss is currently the most common type of hearing loss in China.With the development of society,both clinicians and patients have an increasing demand for its understanding,diagnosis and effective intervention.Due to normal hearing on one side,patients with unilateral hearing loss usually have developed concealment and basic abilities to cope with life and learning,which has also led to a clinical misunderstanding among otolaryngologists and audiologists that unilateral hearing loss does not require intervention.However,since patients with unilateral hearing loss lack advanced auditory functions of binaural hearing,problems such as hearing fatigue,rapid depletion of auditory matching capabilities,poor speech recognition in noise,a sense of psychological and personality inferiority and introversion,poor social skills,and easy distraction can occur,leading to frustration,exclusion and decreased competitiveness in learning,work and life.This article systematically summarizes the etiology,pathology,intervention strategies,and precautions in intervention approaches regarding unilateral hearing loss,hoping to help otolaryngologists,audiologists and patients with unilateral hearing loss recognize its significance for early detection and timely intervention.

关 键 词：单侧听力损失 听力诊断 听力评估 干预治疗 助听器 人工耳蜗 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]