高原鳅属洞穴鱼类与非洞穴鱼类听觉的比较研究  

Comparative Study of the Hearing Threshold between Three Species of Cave and River Triplophysa Fish

作　　者：张盼 胥愿 张江惠 龙汭 景阳阳 熊惟 朱艳秋 罗毅平 ZHANG Pan;XU Yuan;ZHANG Janghui;LONG Rui;JING Yangyang;XIONG Wei;ZHU Yanqiu;LUO Yiping(School of Life Sciences,Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院/淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第11期43-53,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32070438).

摘　　要：测定高原鳅属3种洞穴鱼类和3种非洞穴鱼类的听觉阈值与鳔的形态指标,结果发现:听觉阈值部分种间差异有统计学意义,但在各频率(50~6 400 Hz)下,洞穴鱼类和非洞穴鱼类的听觉阈值差异无统计学意义.鳔耳距、鳔孔面积、鳔室体积和孔室比的种间差异有统计学意义,但在洞穴鱼类与非洞穴鱼类间差异无统计学意义.种间听觉阈值与鳔室体积和鳔耳距不相关,在50 Hz和800 Hz下,与鳔孔面积显著负相关;在1 600,3 200,6 400 Hz下,与孔室比显著负相关.此外,玫瑰高原鳅的鳔膨大,在体表左右两侧呈明显的隆起,但与其听觉灵敏性并无特殊性.结果表明:高原鳅属洞穴鱼类的听觉并没有发生适应性增强,提示听觉可能对洞穴鱼类适应洞穴环境不相关.种间听觉阈值在某些频率下,与骨质鳔囊的侧孔面积负相关,提示鳔对高原鳅听觉灵敏性的作用受侧孔大小的影响.The hearing thresholds and morphological indicators of the swim bladder of three cave species and three river species of Triplophysa fish were measured.There was significant interspecific difference in the hearing threshold.However,there was no significant difference in the hearing threshold between cavefish and riverfish at each frequency(50-6 400 Hz).There were significant interspecific differences in the swim bladder-inner ear distance(D_(be)),the hole area of swim bladder bony capsule(S_h),the volume of swim bladder(V_s),and the ratio of hole area of swim bladder bony capsule to volume of swim bladder(S_h/V_s).Whereas,the morphological indicators of the swim bladder were not different between cavefish and riverfish.Among species,the hearing threshold was not significantly related to the D_(be) and the V_s,but it was negatively correlated with the S_(h) at 50 and 800 Hz,and the S_h/V_(s) at 1 600,3 200,6 400 Hz.Interestingly,T.rosa showed an obvious bulge of swim bladder on both sides of the body surface,but no particularity in its hearing sensitivity.The above results show that the cavefish of Triplophysa has no adaptive enhancement in hearing,suggesting that hearing has no obvious significance for cavefish to adapt to the cave environment.Among species,the hearing threshold was not significantly related to the D_(be) and the V_s,but at some frequencies,was negatively correlated with the lateral hole area of the swim bladder bony capsule,suggesting that the effect of the swim bladder on the hearing sensitivity of Triplophysa fish is affected by the size of the lateral hole.

关 键 词：高原鳅属 洞穴鱼类 非洞穴鱼类 听觉 鳔 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]