低温菌剂在农村粪污及污水处理中的研究进展  

Recent Advances in Low-temperature Bacterial Agents for Feces and Wastewater Treatment in Rural Regions

作　　者：单潇清 武继文 尤世界 刘冰峰[1,2] 林生强 马放[1,2] SHAN Xiaoqing;WU Jiwen;YOU Shijie;LIU Bingfeng;LIN Shengqiang;MA Fang(School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150096,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150096,China;Heilongjiang Botong Pipeline Industry Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150056,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150096 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150096 [3]黑龙江博通管业有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第10期109-116,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA22B003)。

摘　　要：农村厕所粪污与污水的有效处理是农村厕所改造的关键,也是推动中国乡村振兴的重要内容。中国北方地区冬季气候寒冷,为粪污与污水妥善处置带来极大挑战。生物法是农村厕所粪污、污水处理的主要方法和手段,黑龙江地处寒温带,年平均气温4℃,低温条件抑制生物活性,导致污染物去除效能大幅降低。低温菌剂是由低温驯化或定向筛选得到的具有特定功能的耐低温微生物复配体,为寒冷地区粪污处置和污水处理提供了有效、绿色、经济的解决思路和方法。文章系统介绍了耐低温微生物对寒冷环境的耐受机制,阐述了在寒冷条件下,低温菌剂在粪污处置与污水处理中的研究现状和工程应用,总结了低温菌剂在提高污染物处理效率、促进污染物降解和资源转化利用方面的进展,并对未来低温菌剂在粪污及污水处理领域的发展进行了展望。Effective management of fecal waste and wastewater in rural toilets is crucial for the successful implementation of rural toilet renovations and is key to advancing China’s rural revitalization.However,the cold winter climate in northern China complicates the proper disposal of feces and wastewater.Biological treatment is the primary method for managing waste in rural toilets.In Heilongjiang Province,located in the cold temperate zone with an average annual temperature around 4℃,low temperatures limit microbial activity,significantly reducing the efficiency of pollutant removal.Cold-tolerant bacte⁃ria,developed through acclimation or targeted selection to possess specific functions,offer a green and economical solution for waste management in cold regions.This paper systematically introduces the tolerance mechanisms of cold-tolerant micro⁃organisms to cold environments,summarizes the current research and engineering applications of cold-tolerant bacteria in fecal waste management and wastewater treatment under cold conditions,details their effectiveness in enhancing pollutant removal efficiency,promoting pollutant degradation,and resource utilization,and provides an outlook on the future develop⁃ment of cold-tolerant bacteria in the field of fecal and wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：低温菌剂 粪污处置 污水处理 农村地区 耐冷机制 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]