西南地区生产建设项目弃渣场水土保持现状  

Current Status of Soil and Water Conservation in Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites of Production and Construction Projects in Southwest China

作　　者：聂峰 史超[1] NIE Feng;SHI Chao(Changjiang Survey Technology Research Institute of MWR,Wuhan 430011,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部长江勘测技术研究所,湖北武汉430011

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2024年第5期31-37,共7页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

摘　　要：对西南地区217座处于堆弃过程中的弃渣场进行实地调查,从选址、堆置形态、水土流失防治现状等方面开展深入分析,探究弃渣场的人为水土流失现状特征。调查发现:①西南地区弃渣场选址多位于坡地、沟道等基底坡度较大区域,主要采取不规范的推进式自上而下堆置方式弃渣,渣体形态演化可依次分为依坡倾倒堆置形态(Ⅰ阶段)、单级松散边坡强碾压坡顶平台堆置形态(Ⅱ阶段)、多级松散边坡堆置形态(Ⅲ阶段);②Ⅱ阶段末期和Ⅲ阶段初期的局部过载、分级扰动、植物建植期是弃渣流失的主要阶段;③弃渣过程中仅拦挡措施实施的时效性及完成程度相对较高,截排水、苫盖、植物措施等易被忽视。研究成果可为弃渣场的综合管理和水土流失防治提供科学依据。In this paper,we conduct a field survey of 217 dumps abandoned spoil sites in Southwest China.With in-depth analysis from the site selection,stacking forms,soil erosion control status and other aspects,this paper explores the characteristics of anthropogenic soil erosion in these spoil sites.Results reveal that:(1)The site selection for spoil sites in the southwestern region is often located in areas with steep slopes,such as hillsides and gullies,primarily adopting an unregulated top-down progressive stacking method for spoil disposal.The evolution process of spoil body morphology can be divided into three phases:dumping stacking form along the slope(Phase I),the stacking form of single-stage loose slope with strong compaction on the slope top platform(Phase II),and multi-stage loose slope stacking form(Phase III).(2)Local overloading,graded disturbance,and plant establishment period at the end of Phase II and the beginning of Phase III are the main stages of spoil loss.(3)During the spoil disposal process,only the timeliness and completion of blocking measures are relatively high,while interception and drainage,thatching cover and plant measures are often neglected.The research results can serve as a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of spoil sites and the prevention of soil erosion.

关 键 词：弃渣场 生产建设项目 选址 堆置形态 水土流失防治 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]