《民法典》第193条(诉讼时效之职权禁用规则)评注  

Commentary on Article 193 of the Civil Code(Rule on the Prohibition of Official Application of Extinctive Prescription)

作　　者：杨巍[1] Yang Wei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第5期186-196,共11页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“我国民法评注编纂重大问题研究”(批准号:22&ZD205)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第193条规定了诉讼时效之职权禁用规则,该规则与抗辩权发生主义的精神一致,但涉及的诉讼时效规定比抗辩权发生主义更为宽泛。本条适用于诉讼、执行、仲裁等法律程序已经启动的场合。“不得主动适用”包括不得主动审查诉讼时效事项和不得主动将诉讼时效事项作为裁判依据。法院不得积极释明诉讼时效,但在一定条件下可以消极释明。本条中的“诉讼时效的规定”是指当事人用以抗辩或者反抗辩的相关规定,不包括与当事人权利及意思无关的规定。法院遵守本条未主动适用诉讼时效规定的,当事人不得以此作为上诉或者申请再审的理由;法院违反本条主动适用诉讼时效规定的,构成实体审理中的适用法律错误。Article 193 of the Civil Code stipulates the rule prohibiting official application of extinctive prescription,which is consistent with the spirit of the doctrine of the emergence of the right of defense,but the provisions related to extinctive prescription are broader than the doctrine of the emergence of the right of defense.This provision applies to situations where legal proceedings such as litigation,enforcement,arbitration and other legal processes have already been initiated."Not allowed to actively apply"includes not being allowed to actively review the statute of limitations in litigation and not being allowed to actively use the statute of limitations as a basis for judgment.The court shall not affirmatively elucidate the statute of limitations for litigation,but may passively elucidate under certain conditions.The"provisions on extinctive prescription"in this article refer to the relevant provisions used by the parties to defend or resist the defense,excluding provisions unrelated to the rights and intentions of the parties.If the court complies with the article and fails to actively apply the statute of limitations in this article,the parties shall not use this as a reason for appeal or application for retrial;if the court violates the provisions of the statute of limitations for litigation in this article,it constitutes an error in the application of law in substantive trial.

关 键 词：诉讼时效 人民法院 主动适用 消极释明 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]