开放授粉条件下小菊叶部数量性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Leaves of Spray Chrysanthemum in Open Pollination

作　　者：孙嘉璐 温超 SUN Jialu;WEN Chao(Institute of Leisure Agriculture,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院休闲农业研究所/农业农村部华东都市农业重点实验室/生态园艺植物育种山东省工程研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第9期1-5,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QC156);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32102426)。

摘　　要：为分析开放授粉条件下小菊叶部数量性状的遗传特性,选取小菊亲本绚秋星光及其子代群体151个样本,测量和统计19个叶部数量性状和13个叶形结构参数,并进行群体遗传多样性分析。结果表明:子代群体的叶部形态呈现显著的超亲分布倾向,叶长变化多样且多数远超亲本均值;在各叶部性状比较中,裂片相关性状为主要叶片形态变异因素,表现为下裂片增幅大于上裂片与顶裂片;叶片的整体形态比例表现出较稳定的遗传特性,在遗传群体中多体现为正态分布;叶柄长度体现了丰富的变异特性,与叶长、叶宽等性状具有显著的相关性;当叶片形态越大、叶裂越深、裂片越明显时,锯齿越多,锯齿形态更丰富和清晰。综上,开放授粉条件下小菊叶部数量性状易表现出超亲变异,叶片裂片是影响小菊叶部形态遗传多样性的主要因素。In order to analyze the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits in leaves of spray chrysanthemum in open pollination,female parent cultivar Xuanqiuxingguang and 151 progenies in open pollination were selected,genetic diversity analysis were conducted by measuring and statistically analyzing 19 quantitative traits of leaf and 13 shape structural parameters of leaf.The results showed that the leaf morphology of the progeny population showed a significant trend of over-parent distribution,with diverse changes in leaf length and most of them far beyond the mean of female parent.The related traits of lobe were the main factors of leaf morphology variation among various leaf traits,with growth rate of lower lobe higher than that of the upper lobe and the top lobe.There was a relatively stable genetic feature in the overall proportion of leaf morphology,which was mostly reflected in normal distribution.The length of the petiole had rich variation and there were evident relevance to other traits such as leaf length and leaf width.The number of serrations would be more,and the shape of serration would be richer and clearer,when the shape of leaf became to larger,the leaf cracks became to deeper,and the lobes became to more obvious.In conclusion,leaf quantitative traits are prone to exhibit over-parent variations,and lobe is the main factor affecting the morphological and genetic diversity of spray chrysanthemum leaves in open pollination.

关 键 词：自由授粉 叶部性状 群体遗传 数量性状 裂片 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]