藏族聚居区乡村聚落景观及其基因特征——以隆子县为例  

The landscape patterns and genetic traits in Xizang rural settlements:Case study of LhünzêCounty,China

作　　者：杨定 宋金平 杨振山[2,3] 陈东军 Yang Ding;Song Jinping;Yang Zhenshan;Chen Dongjun(Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Business Administration,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [4]江西财经大学工商管理学院,江西南昌330032

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第10期1791-1800,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0406);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20020302);四川省社会科学重点研究基地(拓展)国家公园研究中心课题(GJGY2023-YB006)资助。

摘　　要：以西藏隆子县为例识别和解析了藏族聚居区乡村聚落的景观基因,探讨了聚落景观及生态、生活、生产景观基因的内涵。研究表明:①隆子镇和日当乡形成了密度超过0.46个/km2的集聚中心,其他地区呈零散分布;自然村斑块形状扁长而复杂。②聚落区位选择多依赖藏族传统文化中的生态观和自然环境因素,形成了河畔谷底、山腰缓坡、河流交汇口3种聚落选址模式。③散列型聚落围绕农田和山丘不规则布局,形成聚落与自然环境融为一体的景观;团块型聚落在河畔谷底或河流交汇口布局,是追求背山向阳的隈曲墁坡为风水吉地等生态观的结果。④聚落与周边植被形成作物与聚落、山林与聚落组合模式。⑤聚落围绕寺庙建造方便藏族人民日常宗教活动,聚落围绕行政机构或交通线建造方便居民服务和出行。⑥聚落生产景观基因包括林地和耕地独特的用地印迹。本研究为青藏高原的聚落格局优化和人居环境改善提供参考。This article explored the connotation of settlement landscapes and ecological,living,and production landscape genes.The results show that:1)LhünzêTown and Rido Township form aggregation centers with a density of more than 0.46/km^(2),while other areas are scattered.The shape of the natural village patch is prolate and complex.2)The choice of settlement location is largely dependent on the ecological view of Tibetan traditional culture and natural environment,resulting in three settlement location patterns have formed:river valley,gentle slope of the mountainside,and confluence of rivers.3)Dispersed settlements are irregularly arranged around farmland and hills,forming a landscape where settlements blend harmoniously with the natural environment.Clustered settlements are typically located in river valleys or at the confluence of rivers,reflecting an ecological view that values the favorable orientation of hills and slopes for good geomancy.4)Settlements and surrounding vegetation form a combination pattern of crops and settlements,and forests and settlements.5)Settlements are built around temples for the convenience of daily religious activities of Tibetan people,while settlements built around administrative centers or transportation lines are for the convenience of residents’services and travel.6)The production genes of settlement landscapes include the unique land use imprint of forest and farmland.This study provides references for the optimization of settlement patterns and the improvement of human settlements in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

关 键 词：乡村聚落景观 三生空间 生态景观基因 生活景观基因 生产景观基因 隆子县 

分 类 号：K901.5[历史地理—人文地理学]