劳动力成本与技术进步偏向性——来自最低工资调整的证据  

Labor Cost and the Bias of Technical Progress:Evidence from Minimum Wage Adjustments in China

作　　者：宫汝凯[1,2] Gong Rukai(Department of Digital Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;Glorious Sun School of Business and Management,Donghua University,Shanghai 250001,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学数字经济系,200433 [2]东华大学旭日工商管理学院,200051

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第8期105-126,共22页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71873028);上海市浦江人才计划(21PJC001)的资助。

摘　　要：技术进步偏向性是影响要素收入份额变化的重要因素,探讨技术进步偏向性变化背后的逻辑对于构建科学合理的要素收入分配体系具有积极意义。本文基于最低工资调整视角探讨影响技术进步偏向性变化的价格效应。理论结果表明,当资本与劳动要素之间存在互补(替代)关系时,最低工资提升促使技术进步偏向劳动(资本)。采用中国城市数据测算技术进步偏向性指数,发现城市技术进步整体偏向资本,而在2004年之后出现偏向劳动的趋势。实证研究显示,随着最低工资水平上升,技术进步倾向于偏向劳动,且这一效应在要素互补样本更为显著,在要素替代样本不显著。考虑内生性问题、技术进步偏向性动态变化等稳健性检验均得到一致结果,且这一效应在2004年之后和在中西部地区尤为明显。进一步考察城市异质性特征发现,最低工资对技术进步偏向性的影响在非省会、中小经济规模、劳动密集型及对外开放度较低的城市更为显著;随着所在省份市场化水平和出口开放度提高而减弱,随着民营化水平提高而加强。本文研究结论为驱动技术进步偏向性变化的价格效应提供了证据支持,为各地区因地制宜实施和完善最低工资制度提供现实借鉴。The bias of technological progress is an important factor affecting the change of factor income share,and exploring the logic behind changes of the bias of technological progress has a positive significance for construction of a scientific and reasonable factor income distribution system.Based on the perspective of minimum wage adjustments,this paper explores the price effect that affects the changes of technical progress bias.The theoretical results show that,when there is a complementary(substitution)relationship between capital and labor,the minimum wage increase prompts technological progress to be biased toward labor(capital).Using data from Chinese cities to measure the technological progress bias index,it is found that urban technological progress as a whole is biased towards capital,while a trend towards labor emerges after 2004.The empirical study shows that,as the minimum wage rises,technological progress tends to favor labor,and this effect is more significant in the factor complementary subsample and not significant in the factor substitution subsample.Robustness tests that consider endogeneity issues and dynamic changes in the bias of technological progress all yield consistent results,and this effect is particularly pronounced after 2004 and in the central and western regions.Further examination of the heterogeneity characteristics of cities shows that,the effect of minimum wage on the bias of technological progress is more pronounced in non-provincial capitals,small and mediumsized economies,labor-intensive,and cities with lower degrees of openness to the outside world,and is weakened with the increase in the level of marketization and openness to exports of the province where it is located and strengthened with the increase in the level of privatization.The findings of this paper provide evidence support for the price effect driving the change in the bias of technological progress,and provide practical reference for the implementation and improvement of the minimum wage system in each region accor

关 键 词：最低工资 要素替代弹性 技术进步偏向性 价格效应 要素收入份额 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F124.3[经济管理—国民经济]