等氮配施脲酶抑制剂对滴灌棉花生长发育和产量及品质的影响  

Effects of equal nitrogen applied with urease inhibitor on cotton growth,yield,and quality under mulched drip irrigation

作　　者：张泽华 叶含春 王振华 李文昊 李海强 刘健 ZHANG Zehua;YE Hanchun;WANG Zhenhua;LI Wenhao;LI Haiqiang;LIU Jian(College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xijiang Production and Construction Corps/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第9期2103-2111,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-1);“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1900405);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(2022CK009);“十四五”国家重点研发计划专题(2021YFD1900802-2);石河子大学科技特派员团队服务项目(KJTP202310)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究滴灌棉花生长发育及产量品质对等氮配施脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸(AHA)的响应特征,为滴灌棉花高效合理的氮肥管理提供依据。【方法】以新陆早42号为材料,设置施氮量0%(U)、施氮量1%(U+UI_(1%))、施氮量2%(U+UI_(2%))和施氮量5%(U+UI_(5%)),4种AHA添加比例进行棉花田间试验。【结果】与U处理相比,添加AHA显著提高了棉花在花期、结铃期、盛铃期的生理生长,株高、茎粗、叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度总体表现为U+UI_(2%)>U+UI_(1%)>U+UI_(5%)。U+UI_(1%)、U+UI_(2%)、U+UI_(5%)处理的籽棉产量较U处理分别显著提高4.59%、9.18%和4.65%,且U+UI 2%处理与其他处理均有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同处理棉花品质均无显著差异(P>0.05)。叶片净光合速率与棉花籽棉产量间呈最大正相关,棉花单铃重与籽棉产量呈负相关。【结论】尿素配施2%施氮量AHA的U+UI_(2%)处理在棉花生长、生理和产量方面均表现最优,为滴灌棉花高稳定性氮素施配的最佳选择。【Objective】The aim of this study is to clarify the response of equal nitrogen applied with urease inhibitor Acetohydroxamic acid(AHA)on cotton growth,development,yield,and quality mulched drip irrigation in order to provide a theoretical basics for efficient and reasonable nitrogen management of cotton.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted by using Xinluzao 42 under four kinds of AHA addition ratios the addition amount was 0%of the nitrogen application amount(U),the addition amount was 1%of the nitrogen application amount(U+UI_(1%)),the addition amount was 2%of the nitrogen application amount(U+UI_(2%))and the addition amount was 5%of the nitrogen application amount(U+UI_(5%)).【Results】Compared with U,AHA significantly improved the physiological growth of cotton at flowering stage,bolling stage and full boll stage.Plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the key period(flowering stage,bolling stage and full boll stage)was U+UI_(2%)>U+UI_(1%)>U+UI_(5%)treatment.The seed cotton yield of U+UI_(1%),U+UI_(2%)and U+UI_(5%)treatments was significantly higher than that of U by 4.59%,9.18%and 4.65%,and there was significant difference between U+UI_(2%)and other treatments(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in cotton quality among different treatments(P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was the largest positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate of leaves and seed cotton yield,and there was a negative correlation between single boll weight and seed cotton yield.【Conclusion】The U+UI_(2%)treatment of urea combined with 2%nitrogen application AHA shows the best performance in cotton growth,physiology and yield,which is the best choice for high stability nitrogen application of drip irrigation cotton.The results will provide data support and theoretical reference for efficient management of drip irrigation cotton nitrogen fertilizer in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 脲酶抑制剂 生理生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]