歌德小说《德意志流亡者闲谈》中的整全性——兼及歌德与薄伽丘的对比研究  

The Universality of Goethe's The Recreations of the German Refugees:A Comparison between Goethe and Boccaccio

作　　者：张克芸 Zhang Keyun

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2024年第4期231-247,共17页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“《歌德全集》翻译”(编号:14ZDB090)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：薄伽丘《十日谈》对16、17世纪英、法、意大利等国文学影响甚巨,但直到18世纪末《十日谈》的框形叙事形式才通过歌德进入德语文学。歌德对薄伽丘的接受背景、过程及成果与德意志四分五裂的现实紧密相关,他以《十日谈》为范本,创作《德意志流亡者闲谈》,从而将“中篇小说”(Novelle)这一古老的文学样式进行本土化改造,赋予其民族叙事和群体修养功能,确立了德语中篇小说的初始范式和诗学要求。在精神实质上,《德意志流亡者闲谈》扬弃意大利人文主义散漫的个体至上倾向,代之以德意志古典主义的整全思想和秩序意识,诗意地奠定了德意志人克服分歧和私欲、以积极行动走向共同体的叙事范式。同时,歌德对《十日谈》的创造性接受也是世界文学交流史上的经典范例。Boccaccio's The Decameron had a significant influence on the literature of England,France,and Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries,but it was not until the end of the 18th century that the frame narrative form entered German literature through Goethe.Goethe's background,process,and outcome in accepting Boccaccio are closely related to the fragmented reality of the German states.Drawing on The Decameron as a model,he created Conversations of German Refugees,which localized the ancient literary form of the"novelle"and endowed it with national narrative and collective cultivation functions.This established the initial paradigm and poetic requirements for the German novella.In terms of spiritual essence,Goethe abandoned the diffuse individual supremacy of the Italian humanists and replaced it with the universal idea and sense of order of German classicism in his work,in which Goethe used poetic images to show the process by which the exiled Germans overcame their differences and selfishness,and moved towards a community with positive actions.At the same time,Goethe's creative acceptance of The Decameron is also a successful example in the history of world literary exchange.

关 键 词：歌德 《德意志流亡者闲谈》 薄伽丘 《十日谈》 整全性 

分 类 号：I516.074[文学—其他各国文学]