气孔研究进展:从保卫细胞到光合作用  

Research progress of stomata:from guard cells to photosynthesis

作　　者：刘梦龙 魏健 任姿蓉 张亚黎[2] 王愔 LIU Meng-Long;WEI Jian;REN Zi-Rong;ZHANG Ya-Li;WANG Yin(Institute of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院生态研究中心,北京100871 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《生命科学》2024年第10期1289-1304,共16页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42230506);黄廷方/信和交流发展基金-对口支援(0006179075)。

摘　　要：气孔是由植物表皮上的一对保卫细胞所构成的微孔隙结构,是陆生植物与周围环境进行气体交换的最主要通道。气孔的运动和发育决定着气孔对于气体(特别是二氧化碳和水汽)的通导能力,进而影响植物的光合与生长。本综述首先回顾关于气孔运动和发育调控机制的研究,之后介绍气孔与光合作用相关的理论研究进展,最后对通过优化气孔性状提升植物光合速率、生物量与产量的重要成果进行概述,并对今后气孔研究的重要内容进行展望。Stomata,composed by a pair of guard cells,are micropores on the epidermis of plants.They are serving as the primary channels for the gas-exchange of terrestrial plants.Both stomatal movement and development determine the ability of stomatal gas conductance(especially for carbon dioxide and water vapor),and thus affect plant photosynthesis and growth.This review first discusses the mechanisms of stomatal movement and development regulation,then introduces the advances in research on the relationship between stomata and photosynthesis.Furthermore,we summarize the research on optimizing stomatal traits to enhance plant photosynthetic rates and biomass or crop yield.Finally,we prospect the essential topics of stomatal research in the future.

关 键 词：气孔保卫细胞 光合作用 气孔运动 气孔发育 生物量 

分 类 号：Q946.5[生物学—植物学]