社会劳动过程视角下生产力增速的测算:对全劳动生产率的一个批判性拓展  

Measurement of the Growth Rate of Productivity from the Perspective of Social Labor Process:A Critical Extension of TLP

作　　者：马梦挺 余小琴 严杰华 Ma Mengting;Yu Xiaoqin;Yan Jiehua(School of Economics and Management,Nanchang University;Institute of Economics,Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences;School of Economics,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学经济管理学院 [2]江西省社会科学院经济研究所 [3]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2024年第5期161-187,共27页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“以剩余价值为中心的马克思主义宏观经济账户体系研究”(批准号:21CJL003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全劳动生产率是马克思主义经济学重要的生产力指标。与全要素生产率不同,全劳动生产率是将生产过程看成一个以广泛的分工为特征的社会劳动过程而形成的生产力概念。基于相对剩余生产模型,可以用相对剩余生产率(RSP)来实现对全劳动生产率有经济涵义的社会加总,进而利用全劳动分工矩阵的结构分解,测算全球生产分工条件下世界整体及各主要经济体的生产力增速。基于WIOD数据的RSP测算结果表明,2000—2014年中国(不含港澳台)的RSP年均值为5%,远高于世界平均的2.35%,美国则为0.36%。对比全要素生产率进一步发现,中国的全要素生产率与RSP变化基本一致,而美国的全要素生产率则与RSP变化发生背离,这暗示美国的全要素生产率增长更多地反映其通过市场势力充分利用国际分工的结果,而中国的全要素生产率增长则主要来自物质生产力的进步。Total Labor Productivity(TLP)is an important productivity indicator in Marxist economics.Unlike the Total Factor Productivity(TFP),Total Labour Productivity(TLP)is a concept of productivity formed by viewing the production process as a social labor process characterized by extensive division of labor,the real meaning of which lies in fully reflecting the social division of labor.By establishing a model of Relative Surplus Production,the socially aggregated significance of TLP can be realized by a new indicator-Relative Surplus Productivity(RSP),and thereby the growth rate of productivity for the world as a whole and individual major economics under global production division conditions can be measured.The RSP calculations based on WIOD indicate that from 2000 to 2014,the annual average RSP of China was 5%,far higher than the world average of 2.35% and US of 0.36%.Compared with TFP,it is futher found that China's TFP is mainly achieved through its own technological progress,while the US's TFP is not so much through its own technological progress,but through market forces exploiting international division of labor.

关 键 词：生产力 全要素生产率 全劳动生产率 剩余 全球价值链 

分 类 号：F249.22[经济管理—劳动经济] F124[经济管理—国民经济]