改善光合作用的光捕获  

Improving light-harvesting for photosynthesis

作　　者：许大全 陈根云 XU Da-Quan;CHEN Gen-Yun(Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心,上海200032

出　　处：《生命科学》2024年第9期1160-1167,共8页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170244);广东省农业农村厅财政专项(奥财农[2022]184号);湖南杂交水稻研究中心开放基金(2021KF03)。

摘　　要：为了提高光合作用和生物质产量,研究者们试图通过一些方法改善光捕获,诸如减小捕光天线或者降低叶绿素含量、改变与能量耗散有关的蛋白质丰度和选择性地减少向光蛋白(PHOT2),已经取得一些重要进展。然而,将叶绿素d和叶绿素f导入藻类或高等植物以扩大对太阳光谱利用范围的可行性还有待实验证实。通过优化叶片着生角度提高光合效率和作物产量,如今已经不再只是长期育种选择的结果。利用基因工程技术设计和创制类“聪明冠层”作物正从理想变为现实。合成生物学方法必将使这个策略普遍推广,获得更大的成功。In order to enhance photosynthesis and biomass yield,researchers have tried to improve light-harvesting by some approaches such as deducing light-harvesting antenna size or leaf chlorophyll content,altering abundance of the energy dissipation-related proteins,and selectively deleting phototropin(PHOT2),and have obtained some important advances.However,the feasibility of introducing chlorophyll d and chlorophyll f into algae or higher plants to expand the use range of solar light spectrum still awaits experimental confirmation.The increases in photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield by optimizing leaf angle is no longer just the result of long-term breeding selection,the design and creation of a"smart canopy"like crop are going to reality from imagination.Doubtlessly,the synthetic biology approach will promote the widespread application of this strategy and achieve greater success.

关 键 词：光合作用 叶绿素 能量耗散 非光化学猝灭 捕光蛋白复合体 天线 聪明冠层 

分 类 号：Q591.4[生物学—生物化学] Q945.11Q946.5